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*In [[Onchocerciasis|skin infections]]
Horses:
=== ''ONCHOCERCA'' SPECIES ===
==== General ====
*One species, ''O. cervicalis'' (= ''O.reticulata'').
*Large filarial nematode (<30cm); ligamentum nuchae (and limb connective tissue).
==== Life-Cycle ====
*Indirect LC, similar to that fo cattle ''Onchocerca'' (which are different species).
*Intermediate host = midge (''Culicoides'' species).
==== Pathogenicity ====
*Limited significance.
*Localised hypersensitivity (oedematous) reaction - to dead/dying microfilariae along ventral abdominal midline (sometimes occurs after ivermectin treatment for general worm control).
*Corneal opacity (very rare in UK) - associated with microfilariae.
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[[Category:Filarioidea]]
[[Category:Horse_Nematodes]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]]