Difference between revisions of "Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease Flashcards"

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<FlashCard questions="14">
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<FlashCard questions="16">
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|q1=What is Chicken anaemia virus disease (CAV) also commonly known as?
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|q1=What is Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease also commonly known as?
 
|a1=
 
|a1=
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*Chicken anaemia
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*''Chicken anaemia''
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*Chicken infectious anaemia
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*''Chicken infectious anaemia''
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*Blue wing disease
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*''Blue wing disease''
 
|l1=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
 
|l1=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
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|q2=What are the virus properties?
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|q2=Which virus causes ''Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease'' and what are it's properties?
 
|a2=
 
|a2=
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''Chicken anaemia virus'' (CAV):
 
*Non-enveloped icosahedral single stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus
 
*Non-enveloped icosahedral single stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus
 
*23-25 nm diameter
 
*23-25 nm diameter
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*Morphologically and antigenically different to other circoviruses such as ''Porcine circovirus'' (PCV) and ''Psittacine beak and feather disease virus'' (PBFDV).  
 
*Morphologically and antigenically different to other circoviruses such as ''Porcine circovirus'' (PCV) and ''Psittacine beak and feather disease virus'' (PBFDV).  
 
|l2=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
 
|l2=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
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|q3=What family does CAV belong to?
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|q3=What family does the ''Chicken anaemia virus'' (CAV) belong to?
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|a3=Circoviridae
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|a3=''Circoviridae''
 
|l3=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
 
|l3=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
 
|q4=What chemicals destroy the virus?
 
|q4=What chemicals destroy the virus?
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*Hypochlorite and iodophor (formalin only reduces its infectivity).  
 
*Hypochlorite and iodophor (formalin only reduces its infectivity).  
 
|l4=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
 
|l4=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
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|q5=Is Chicken anaemia virus disease considered to be a zoonosis?
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|q5=How many proteins does CAV produce?
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|a5=No
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|a5=
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Three:
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*Non-enveloped icosahedral single stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus
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*VP1 (52kDA) - structural protein; intracellular form of the capsid protein
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*VP2 (24 kDA) - found in small amounts in the purified virus
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*VP3 (14 kDA) - involved in apoptosis (programmed and controlled cell death with no lysis of the cell.  Causes apoptosis of infected stem cells in the bone marrow (BM).  Sequential damage to BM inhibits the production of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), lymphoid tissue and platelets.
 +
 
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Vaccines need to contain both VP1 and VP2 to be antigenic.
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Due to VP3 apoptotic properties it has the potential to be an anti-cancer agent.
 
|l5=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
 
|l5=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
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|q6=What species of birds does the CAV infect?
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|q6=Is ''Chicken anaemia virus disease'' considered to be a zoonosis?
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|a6=  
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|a6=No
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|l6=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
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|q7=What species of birds does the CAV infect?
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|a7=  
 
*Chickens (but can also affect quail). The disease severely affects 10-14 day old chicks.   
 
*Chickens (but can also affect quail). The disease severely affects 10-14 day old chicks.   
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|l6=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Signalment
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|l7=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Signalment
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|q7=What are the clinical signs of Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease?
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|q8=What are the clinical signs of Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease?
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|a7=  
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|a8=  
 
Clinical signs include:
 
Clinical signs include:
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*Pale; comb, wattle, eyelids, legs and carcass,  
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*Pale; comb, wattle, eyelids, legs and carcass, *Anorexia, weight loss, stunting, and unthriftiness
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*Anorexia, weight loss, stunting, and unthriftiness
 
 
*Cyanosis, petechiation and ecchymoses,  
 
*Cyanosis, petechiation and ecchymoses,  
 
*Weakness, lethargy and sudden death.  
 
*Weakness, lethargy and sudden death.  
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*Paresis
 
*Paresis
  
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Clinical signs are dependent on the age of the bird. Chicks develop clinical signs within two weeks of hatching if infected via vertical transmission. Chicks older than 14 days old do not show any clinical signs if infected via horizontal transmission.  
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*Clinical signs are dependent on the age of the bird.  
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|l7=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Clinical Signs
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*Chicks develop clinical signs within two weeks of hatching if infected via vertical transmission.
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|q8=How is Chicken anaemia virus disease transmitted?
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*Chicks older than 14 days old do not show any clinical signs if infected via horizontal transmission.  
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|a8=  
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|l8=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Clinical Signs
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*Horizontally through fomites and faecal-orally as the virus is excreted by a small number of vertically infected hatch mates. This occurs in older chickens that lack maternal derived antibodies.
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|q9=How is ''Chicken anaemia virus disease transmitted?
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*Vertically as chicks hatch from infected layers of naive flocks over a period of 3 to 6 weeks. After this period the breeder layers develop sufficient CAV antibodies to stop the transmission of the virus to the egg.  
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|a9=  
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|l8=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Epidemiology
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*Horizontally through fomites and faecal-oral as the virus is excreted by a small number of vertically infected hatch mates. This occurs in older chickens that lack maternal derived antibodies.
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|q9=What is the mortality rates within the flock?
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*Vertically as chicks hatch from infected layers of naive flocks over a period of 3 to 6 weeks. After this period the breeder layers develop sufficient CAV antibodies to stop the transmission of the virus to the egg.    Clinical signs are seen in 10-14 day old chicks.
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|a9=
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|l9=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Epidemiology
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|q10=How many serotypes of CAV are there?
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|a10=One
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|l10=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Epidemiology
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|q11=How can CAV isolates be distinguished?|a11=Restriction endonuclease analysis of amplified DNA.
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|l11=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Epidemiology
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|q12=What is the mortality rates within the flock?
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|a12=
 
*5 to 10% (but can be as high as 60%).
 
*5 to 10% (but can be as high as 60%).
 
*Mortality peaks during the third week of life
 
*Mortality peaks during the third week of life
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|l9=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Epidemiology
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|l12=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Epidemiology
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|q10=What is the distribution of CAV?
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|q13=What is the distribution of CAV?
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|a10=Worldwide - distribution including commercial poultry and specific pathogen free (SPF) flocks.
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|a13=Worldwide - distribution including commercial poultry and specific pathogen free (SPF) flocks.
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|l10=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Distribution
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|l13=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Distribution
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|q11=How do you diagnose Chicken anaemia virus disease?
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|q14=How do you diagnose ''Chicken anaemia virus disease''?
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|a11=
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|a14=
 
*Clinical signs
 
*Clinical signs
 
*Decreases in haematocrit from normal ranges (32-37.5%) to below 27%  
 
*Decreases in haematocrit from normal ranges (32-37.5%) to below 27%  
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Levels of infection can be estimated by the detection of raising antibody titres.
 
Levels of infection can be estimated by the detection of raising antibody titres.
  
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Many diagnostic tests have been developed: immunoperoxidase staining, ELISA, PCR, indirect immunofluorescence
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Many diagnostic tests have been develop:
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|l11=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Diagnosis
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*Immunoperoxidase staining
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|q12=What can be found on postmortem?
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*ELISA
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|a12=
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*PCR
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*Dot blot hybridisation
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*Indirect immunofluorescence
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|l14=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Diagnosis
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Post mortem findings include:
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*severe atrophy of the lymphoid organs. The thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and to a lesser extent the spleen are all affected by a depletion of lymphocytes and sequential hyperplasia of reticular cells. Common finding include haemorrhages throughout the skeletal muscle and subcutaneous tissue and pale watery bone marrow. Severe aplasia of the bone marrow occurs and haematopoietic cells are replaced with adipose tissue, giving the bone marrow its watery texture and characteristic change in colour from red to yellow.
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|l14=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Epidemiology
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|q15=What can be found on postmortem?
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|a15=
 
*Severe atrophy of the lymphoid organs (thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and to a lesser extent the spleen). All become depleted of lymphocytes and  reticular cells become hyperplastic.  
 
*Severe atrophy of the lymphoid organs (thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and to a lesser extent the spleen). All become depleted of lymphocytes and  reticular cells become hyperplastic.  
 
*Haemorrhages throughout the skeletal muscle and subcutaneous tissue
 
*Haemorrhages throughout the skeletal muscle and subcutaneous tissue
 
*Pale watery yellow bone marrow - due to severe aplasia of the BM and the haematopoietic cells being replaced with adipose tissue  
 
*Pale watery yellow bone marrow - due to severe aplasia of the BM and the haematopoietic cells being replaced with adipose tissue  
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|l12=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Diagnosis
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|l15=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Diagnosis
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|q13=What is the treatment for Chicken anaemia virus disease?
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|q16=Treatment?
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|a13=
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|a16=One
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There is no specific treatment for infected birds with this virus; culling is likely to be the most appropriate option for commercial flocks.
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|l16=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Epidemiology
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|l13=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Treatment
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|q17=How many serotypes of CAV are there?
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|q14=How is Chicken anaemia virus disease controlled?
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|a17=One
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|a14=
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|l17=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Epidemiology
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Vaccination of breeding hens with both live attenuated and wild vaccines reduces the vertical transmission rate.
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At a farm level rigorous cleaning with hypochlorite, iodoform or formalin is recommended and biosecurity is important to try and erradicate on farm infections.
 
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|l14=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Control
 
 
</FlashCard>
 
</FlashCard>
  
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[[Category:Avian Flashcards]]
 
[[Category:Avian Flashcards]]
 
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]]
 
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]]
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[[Category:To Do - Jaimie Meagor]]

Revision as of 11:25, 29 June 2011

Question Answer Article
What is Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease also commonly known as? Link to Article
Which virus causes Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease and what are it's properties? Link to Article
What family does the Chicken anaemia virus (CAV) belong to? Link to Article
What chemicals destroy the virus? Link to Article
How many proteins does CAV produce? Link to Article
Is Chicken anaemia virus disease considered to be a zoonosis? Link to Article
What species of birds does the CAV infect? Link to Article
What are the clinical signs of Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease? Link to Article
How is Chicken anaemia virus disease transmitted? Link to Article
How many serotypes of CAV are there? Link to Article
How can CAV isolates be distinguished? Link to Article
What is the mortality rates within the flock? Link to Article
What is the distribution of CAV? Link to Article
How do you diagnose Chicken anaemia virus disease? Link to Article
What can be found on postmortem? Link to Article
Treatment? Link to Article


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