Avian Medicine Q&A 19

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You are confronted with a flock of canaries with ruffling of the feathers, debilitation and high mortality. At necropsy, a dark, swollen, congested liver and spleen with small, yellow, focal granulomas are found as shown.

Question	Answer		Article
What is your most likely presumptive diagnosis?	Infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis or Salmonella typhimurium is regularly seen in canaries during the winter months in birds of all ages. The clinical signs are not specific: in addition to those mentioned above, an acute catarrhal pneumonia and a typhlitis may be present.		[[|Link to Article]]
How can you confirm this diagnosis?	Many rod-shaped bacteria are seen in impression smears from all the organs. The diagnosis is confirmed after culturing the micro-organisms.		[[|Link to Article]]
What should be your therapy?	The mostly commonly effective antibiotics are trimethoprim (with or without sulpha), amoxycillin or enrofloxacin via the drinking water or soft food. Once sensitivity test results are obtained, the antibiotic may need to be changed. Cleaning and disinfection are essential to prevent a relapse after therapy has been completed. A connection has been suggested between contamination of food supplies by rodents and yersiniosis; although serotypes are often similar between rodent and avian Yersinia sp., no definite link has ever been proven. It is also likely that infection may occur through contact between infected feral birds and captive birds. In view of this contact, and access by rodents to birds or their food supplies, control of these factors is necessary.		[[|Link to Article]]