Difference between revisions of "Hyperoestrogenism - Ferret"

Revision as of 21:55, 6 July 2011

Hyperoestrogenism also occurs in the female ferret if an entire jill remains unbred for an extended period of time.

Jills

Bilaterally symmetrical alopecia around the ventrum and tail, weight loss, pale mucous membranes, enlarged vulva and a serous or mucopurulent vaginal discharge.

Jills

History and clinical signs along with a PCV of less than 20% and depression of all blood lines is highly suggestive.

Jills

Ovariohysterectomy is the fastest way to remove the source of oestrogens, although intitial treatment is dictated by the PCV. A blood transfusion might have to be performed first.

In milder cases, hormone treatments such as proligestone can be used to induce ovulation. Signs of oestrus will abate within 10-11 days but it might take up to 4 months for the anaemia to resolve.

The prognosis depends on the length of time the jill has been in oestrus and the PCV on presentation. If it is above 25% the prognosis is good. If it is below 15% the outlook is poor and intensive treatment along with multiple blood transfusions will be necessary for several months.

Female ferrets should not remain in heat longer than a month and ovulation should be induced by mating or hormone therapy before this. Ovariohysterectomy at 6-8 months of age is recommended for jills that are not to be bred.

References

Hubrecht, R. (2010) The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory and other Research Animals, John Wiley and Sons

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-==Introduction==
+Hyperoestrogenism also occurs in the female ferret if an entire jill remains unbred for an extended period of time.
-Female ferrets (jills) are '''induced ovulators'''. Ovulation occurs 30-40 hours after copulation. Failure to mate can result in a prolonged oestrus for the duration of the breeding season. The '''high levels of oestrogens''' produced may cause bone marrow suppression with leucopenia, [[thrombocytopenia]] and aplastic anaemia.
-All jills develop a mild anaemia at some point during oestrus and up to 50% of jills with prolonged oestrus will develop '''aplastic anaemia'''. If animals remain in oestrus for more than 1 month they are at risk of developing hyperoestrogenism and the reduction in platelet count can lead to '''haemorrhage and death'''.
+===Jills===
+Bilaterally symmetrical alopecia around the ventrum and tail, weight loss, pale mucous membranes, enlarged vulva and a serous or mucopurulent vaginal discharge.
-==Clinical Signs==
-'''Bilaterally symmetrical alopecia''' around the ventrum and tail, weight loss, '''pale mucous membranes''', tachypnoea, ecchymotic and '''petechial haemorrhages''' enlarged vulva and a serous or mucopurulent vaginal discharge.
-==Diagnosis==
+===Jills===
-History and clinical signs are suggestive.
+History and clinical signs along with a PCV of less than 20% and depression of all blood lines is highly suggestive.
-Haematology:
-:'''Low PCV''' (normal 46-61%)
-:'''Pancytopenia''': [[Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Anaemias|non-regenerative anaemia]], thrombocytopenia, leucopenia
-Differential diagnosis: [[Adrenocortical Disease - Ferret|adrenocortical disease]]
+===Jills===
+'''Ovariohysterectomy''' is the fastest way to remove the source of oestrogens, although intitial treatment is dictated by the PCV. A blood transfusion might have to be performed first.
-==Treatment/Prevention==
+In milder cases, '''hormone treatments''' such as proligestone can be used to induce ovulation. Signs of oestrus will abate within 10-11 days but it might take up to 4 months for the anaemia to resolve.
-PCV values can be used to guide treatment and are a good prognostic indicator.
-Jills with PCV values '''above 25%''' have a good prognosis and '''ovariohysterectomy''' is the fastest way to remove the source of oestrogens. '''Hormone treatments''' such as proligestone, HCG or GnRH injections can be used to induce ovulation. Signs of oestrus will abate within 10-11 days but it might take up to 4 months for the anaemia to resolve.
+The '''prognosis''' depends on the length of time the jill has been in oestrus and the PCV on presentation. If it is above 25% the prognosis is good. If it is below 15% the outlook is poor and intensive treatment along with multiple blood transfusions will be necessary for several months.
-PCV values '''between 15 and 25%''' hold a guarded prognosis, and supportive care such as [[:Category:Fluid Therapy|fluids and blood products]] need to be put in place before any surgery is attempted. Hormone injections can also be considered.
+Female ferrets should not remain in heat longer than a month and ovulation should be induced by mating or hormone therapy before this. Ovariohysterectomy at 6-8 months of age is recommended for jills that are not to be bred.
-The outlook for jills with a PCV '''below 15%''' is poor and intensive treatment including prophylactic antibiotics and [[:Category:Transfusion Medicine|'''multiple blood transfusions''']] will be necessary for several months.
-'''Prevention:''' Ovariohysterectomy at 6-8 months of age is recommended for jills that are not to be bred. Entire female ferrets should not remain in heat longer than a month and ovulation should be induced by mating with a vasectomised male or by the use of hormones such as a proligestone injection before the start of the breeding season.
-{{Learning
-|flashcards = [[Small Mammals Q&A 18]]
-}}
 ==References==
 Hubrecht, R. (2010) '''The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory and other Research Animals''', ''John Wiley and Sons''
-Jepson, L. (2009) '''Exotic animal medicine: a quick reference guide''', ''Saunders''
-Lewington, J. (2000) '''Ferret husbandry, medicine and surgery''', ''Elsevier Health Sciences''
-{{review}}
-==Webinars==
-<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/urogenital-and-reproduction/webinars/feed</rss>
-[[Category:Expert Review - Exotics]]
+[[Category:To Do - Helen]]
-[[Category:Ferret Diseases]]

Difference between revisions of "Hyperoestrogenism - Ferret"

Revision as of 21:55, 6 July 2011

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