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===Types of Uroliths===
 
===Types of Uroliths===
 
'''Struvite'''  
 
'''Struvite'''  
:most common urolith in small animals commonly associated with infection by urease producing organisms such as [[:Category:Staphylococcus species|''Staphylococcus'']] or ''[[Proteus]]''
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:most common urolith in small animals commonly associated with '''infection''' by urease producing organisms such as [[:Category:Staphylococcus species|''Staphylococcus'']] or ''[[Proteus]]''
 
:more common in females due to increased susceptibility to urinary tract infections
 
:more common in females due to increased susceptibility to urinary tract infections
 
:formation enhanced by the presence of alkaline urine
 
:formation enhanced by the presence of alkaline urine
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:struvite uroliths may contain calcium and become '''radiodense''' on radiographs
    
'''Calcium oxalate'''
 
'''Calcium oxalate'''
 
:form due to supersaturation of urine with calcium
 
:form due to supersaturation of urine with calcium
 
:often have spine-like projections
 
:often have spine-like projections
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:markedly '''radiodense''' on radiographs
    
'''Urate'''
 
'''Urate'''
:Dalmations predisposed, urolith of birds
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:'''Dalmations''' predisposed, urolith of birds
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:urolith associated with hepatic disease, especially '''portosystemic shunts'''
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:'''radiolucent''' on radiographs
    
'''Cystine'''
 
'''Cystine'''
 
:occurs with cystinuria
 
:occurs with cystinuria
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:'''radiodense''' on radiographs
    
'''Calcium carbonate'''
 
'''Calcium carbonate'''
 
:occurs in horses
 
:occurs in horses
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:'''radiodense''' on radiographs
    
'''Silica'''
 
'''Silica'''
 
:occurs in pastured ruminants, development may be related to diet
 
:occurs in pastured ruminants, development may be related to diet
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:'''radiodense''' on radiographs
    
==Clinical Signs==
 
==Clinical Signs==
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[[Category:Lower Urinary Tract - Pathology]]
 
[[Category:Lower Urinary Tract - Pathology]]
 
[[Category:Urological Diseases - Birds]]
 
[[Category:Urological Diseases - Birds]]
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[[Category:To Do - Review]]
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