Difference between revisions of "Gill Hyperplasia"
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| + | Also known as: '''''Environmental Gill Disease — Bacterial Gill Disease | ||
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
| − | + | The most common response of the [[Gills|gill]] to damage is '''hyperplasia and hypertrophy of epithelial cells''', which results in '''shortening, rounding and fusion''' of the secondary lamellae. Sometimes even the primary lamellae are affected. | |
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| − | The most common | ||
This severely affects the structure and function of the gills and reduces the surface area available for exchange. This also predisposes the gills to further bacterial colonisation and potential septicaemia. | This severely affects the structure and function of the gills and reduces the surface area available for exchange. This also predisposes the gills to further bacterial colonisation and potential septicaemia. | ||
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:'''Parasites''': ''[[Ichthyophthirius multifiliis|Ichthyophthirius]]'', ''Amlyoodinium'' | :'''Parasites''': ''[[Ichthyophthirius multifiliis|Ichthyophthirius]]'', ''Amlyoodinium'' | ||
:'''Bacteria''' | :'''Bacteria''' | ||
| − | :'''Environmental toxins''': ammonia, nitrite, heavy metals | + | :'''Environmental toxins''': ammonia, [[Nitrite Toxicity|nitrite]], heavy metals |
:'''Poor water quality''' | :'''Poor water quality''' | ||
:'''Pantothenic acid deficiency''' | :'''Pantothenic acid deficiency''' | ||
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==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
| − | '''Gill biopsies''' should be performed on dead fish to | + | '''Gill biopsies''' should be performed on dead fish to examine their gross and histological appearance. |
'''Histology''' will reveal shortening, fusion and clubbing of the secondary lamellae. | '''Histology''' will reveal shortening, fusion and clubbing of the secondary lamellae. | ||
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Roberts, R. (2001) '''Fish Pathology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences'' | Roberts, R. (2001) '''Fish Pathology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences'' | ||
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| − | [[Category: | + | {{review}} |
| + | [[Category:Fish Diseases]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Expert Review - Exotics]] | ||
Revision as of 15:33, 30 October 2011
Also known as: Environmental Gill Disease — Bacterial Gill Disease
Introduction
The most common response of the gill to damage is hyperplasia and hypertrophy of epithelial cells, which results in shortening, rounding and fusion of the secondary lamellae. Sometimes even the primary lamellae are affected.
This severely affects the structure and function of the gills and reduces the surface area available for exchange. This also predisposes the gills to further bacterial colonisation and potential septicaemia.
Excessive mucus production also compromises gill function.
Causes
Any irritation can lead to gill hyperplasia, most commonly from bacteria or parasites or from poor water quality.
The most common causes are as follows:
- Protozoa: Trichodina, Chilodonella, Ichtyobodo
- Parasites: Ichthyophthirius, Amlyoodinium
- Bacteria
- Environmental toxins: ammonia, nitrite, heavy metals
- Poor water quality
- Pantothenic acid deficiency
Clinical Signs
These are primarily of respiratory compromise: rapid opercular movements, lethargy, grouping near inlets, tachypnoea.
Fish may show lesions characteristic for a particular disease.
There will be increased mortality.
Diagnosis
Gill biopsies should be performed on dead fish to examine their gross and histological appearance.
Histology will reveal shortening, fusion and clubbing of the secondary lamellae.
If gill hyperplasia is detected on a wet mount this indicates that severe pathology is present.
Treatment
The underlying cause should be dealt with.
This may include chemical treatment of the water to eliminate parasites, protozoa or bacteria.
Improvement of the water quality is also important and oxygen and toxin levels should be monitored.
| Gill Hyperplasia Learning Resources | |
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 Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions |
Ornamental Fish Q&A 20 |
References
Noga, E. (2010) Fish disease: diagnosis and treatment' John Wiley and Sons
Rosenthal, K. (2008) Rapid review of exotic animal medicine and husbandry: pet mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish Manson Publishing
Roberts, R. (2001) Fish Pathology Elsevier Health Sciences
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This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing. |