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| − | {{toplink
| + | ===Immunoglobulins Structure and Function=== |
| − | |backcolour = FFE4E1 | + | <FlashCard questions="8"> |
| − | |linkpage =Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood | + | |q1=What are immunoglobulins also known as? |
| − | |linktext =IMMUNOGLOBULINS | + | |a1=Antibodies |
| − | |sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood | + | |l1=Immunoglobulins#Introduction |
| − | |subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS | + | |q2=How many domains does the heavy chain have? |
| − | |pagetype =Blood | + | |a2= |
| − | }}
| + | *1 variable domain |
| | + | *3 or 4 constant domains |
| | + | |l2=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
| | + | |q3=How many domains does the light chain have? |
| | + | |a3= |
| | + | *1 variable domain |
| | + | *1 constant domain |
| | + | |l3=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
| | + | |q4=What are hypervariable domains? |
| | + | |a4= |
| | + | *Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind |
| | + | *Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains |
| | + | |l4=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
| | + | |q5=What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated? |
| | + | |a5= |
| | + | *Fragment associated with antigen binding |
| | + | *Light chain |
| | + | |l5=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
| | + | |q6=What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated? |
| | + | |a6= |
| | + | *Constant fragment |
| | + | *Heavy chain |
| | + | |l6=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
| | + | |q7=What does the Fc fragment do? |
| | + | |a7=Mediates phagocytosis |
| | + | *Triggers inflammation |
| | + | *Targets Ig to certain tissues |
| | + | |l7=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
| | + | |q8=What are the four major effects of antibodies? |
| | + | |a8= |
| | + | *Blockage and agglutination |
| | + | *Promotion of phagocytosis |
| | + | *Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils |
| | + | *Complement Fixation |
| | + | |l8=Immunoglobulins#Function |
| | + | </FlashCard> |
| | + | ===Classes of Immunoglobulin=== |
| | + | <FlashCard questions="14"> |
| | + | |q1=How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other? |
| | + | |a1=They each have a different composition to their heavy chains |
| | + | |l1=Immunoglobulins#Classes |
| | + | |q2=IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface? |
| | + | |a2=Mucosal surfaces |
| | + | |l2=Immunoglobulin A |
| | + | |q3=True or False: IgA is a monomer |
| | + | |a3= |
| | + | *False |
| | + | *IgA is a dimer |
| | + | |l3=Immunoglobulin A#Structure |
| | + | |q4=What are the functions of IgA? |
| | + | |a4= |
| | + | *Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen |
| | + | *Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut |
| | + | *Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity |
| | + | |l4=Immunoglobulin A#Function |
| | + | |q5=In which species has IgD been identified? |
| | + | |a5= |
| | + | *Ruminants |
| | + | *Pigs |
| | + | *Dogs |
| | + | *Rodents |
| | + | |l5=Immunoglobulin D#Function |
| | + | |q6=What is the main function of IgD? |
| | + | |a6=Helps B cell development |
| | + | |l6=Immunoglobulin D#Function |
| | + | |q7=True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody? |
| | + | |a7=True |
| | + | |l7=Immunoglobulin E |
| | + | |q8=What are the functions of IgE? |
| | + | |a8= |
| | + | *Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation |
| | + | *Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions |
| | + | *Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites |
| | + | |l8=Immunoglobulin E#Function |
| | + | |q9=True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue? |
| | + | |a9=True |
| | + | |l9=Immunoglobulin G |
| | + | |q10=Where is IgG produced? |
| | + | |a10=Bone marrow |
| | + | *Spleen |
| | + | *Lymph nodes |
| | + | |l10=Immunoglobulin G#Production |
| | + | |q11=What is the function of IgG? |
| | + | |a11=Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade |
| | + | *Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] |
| | + | *Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria |
| | + | |l11=Immunoglobulin G#Function |
| | + | |q12=True or False: IgM is a monomer |
| | + | |a12= |
| | + | *True |
| | + | *But it is secreted as a pentamer |
| | + | |l12=Immunoglobulin M#Structure |
| | + | |q13=IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function? |
| | + | |a13= |
| | + | *Cannot cross the placenta |
| | + | *Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily |
| | + | *Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low |
| | + | |l13=Immunoglobulin M#Production |
| | + | |q14=What are the main functions of IgM? |
| | + | |a14= |
| | + | *Complement activation |
| | + | *Agglutination |
| | + | *Opsonisation |
| | + | *Virus neutralisation |
| | + | |l14=Immunoglobulin M#Function |
| | + | </FlashCard> |
| | + | ===Immunoglobulins Variation=== |
| | + | <FlashCard questions="6"> |
| | + | |q1=Which genes code for the immunoglobulin subtypes and on which chain are they located? |
| | + | |a1= |
| | + | *IGH genes |
| | + | *Heavy chain |
| | + | |l1=Immunoglobulins#Variation |
| | + | |q2=Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes: |
| | + | <p>Humans and rodents have ??? IgG subtypes. Dogs have ??? IgG subtypes. Ruminats have ??? IgG subtypes.</p> |
| | + | |a2= |
| | + | *four |
| | + | *three |
| | + | *three or four |
| | + | |l2=Immunoglobulins#Variation |
| | + | |q3=What are allotypes? |
| | + | |a3= |
| | + | *Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species |
| | + | *Allotypes are inheritable |
| | + | |l3=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes |
| | + | |q4=What are idiotypes? |
| | + | |a4=Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains |
| | + | |l4=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes |
| | + | |q5=What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching? |
| | + | |a5= |
| | + | *After antigenic exposure the IgM+ B-cells differentiate |
| | + | *Only after direct influence of T cells |
| | + | *Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised |
| | + | *The same varibale domains are kept |
| | + | |l5=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching |
| | + | |q6=How do different classes of antibody differ from each other? |
| | + | |a6= |
| | + | *Size |
| | + | *Charge |
| | + | *Amino acid composition |
| | + | *Associated carbohydrate |
| | + | *Function |
| | + | |l6=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching |
| | + | </FlashCard> |
| | | | |
| − | ==<font color="purple">Immunoglobulins Structure and Function</font>==
| + | <br><br> |
| − | {| border="3" cellpadding="8"
| + | {{Jim Bee 2007}} |
| − | !width="400"|'''Question'''
| + | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] |
| − | !width="400"|'''Answer'''
| + | [[Category:Immunoglobulins]] |
| − | !width="150"|'''Article'''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What are immunoglobulins also known as?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Antibodies'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''How many domains does the heavy chain have?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''1 variable domain'''''
| |
| − | *'''''3 or 4 constant domains'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''How many domains does the light chain have?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''1 variable domain'''''
| |
| − | *'''''1 constant domain'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What are hypervariable domains?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Fragment associated with antigen binding'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Light chain'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Constant fragment'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Heavy chain'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What does the Fc fragment do?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Mediates phagocytosis'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Triggers inflammation'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Targets Ig to certain tissues'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What are the four major effects of antibodies?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Blockage and agglutination'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Promotion of phagocytosis'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Complement Fixation'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | <br> | |
| − | <br> | |
| − | ==<font color="purple">Classes of Immunoglobulin</font>==
| |
| − | {| border="3" cellpadding="8" | |
| − | !width="400"|'''Question'''
| |
| − | !width="400"|'''Answer'''
| |
| − | !width="150"|'''Article'''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''They each have a different composition to their heavy chains'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Classes|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Mucosal surfaces'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''True or False: IgA is a monomer'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''False'''''
| |
| − | *'''''IgA is a dimer'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What are the functions of IgA?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''In which species has IgD been identified?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Ruminants'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Pigs'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Dogs'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Rodents'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What is the main function of IgD?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Helps B cell development'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''True'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What are the functions of IgE?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''True'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Where is IgG produced?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Bone marrow'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Spleen'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Lymph nodes'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood#Production|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What is the function of IgG?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''START HERE TOMORROW WITH IG M'''
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| − | | |
| − | <br>
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| − | <br>
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| − | | |
| − | ==<font color="purple">Immunoglobulins Variation</font>==
| |
| − | {| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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| − | !width="400"|'''Question'''
| |
| − | !width="400"|'''Answer'''
| |
| − | !width="150"|'''Article'''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What are immunoglobulins also known as?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Antibodies'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |}
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| − | <br>
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| − | <br>
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| − | <big><center>[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO THE IMMUNOGLOBULINS''']]</center></big>
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| − | <big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>
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