Difference between revisions of "Materno-fetal Immunity Flashcards"

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{{toplink
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===Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)===
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|backcolour = FFE4E1
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<FlashCard questions="10">
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|linkpage =Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood
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|q1=How can antibodies be transferred between individuals?
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|linktext =MATERNO-FETAL IMMUNITY
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|a1=
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|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood
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*Colostrum
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|subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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*Crossing of the placenta
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|pagetype =Blood
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*Milk
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}}
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*Vaccination
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*Plasma transfusions
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==<font color="purple">Complement Fixation Pathways</font>==
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|l1=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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|q2=Why do neonates require maternal antibodies?
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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|a2=
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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*Immunocompromised at birth due to a poorly developed immune system
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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*Mucosal surfaces are particularly vunerable
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|-
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*Colostral and milk antibodies protect neonates from infection
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|<big>'''What are the names of the different pathways of the complement cascade?'''
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|l2=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|q3=In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta?
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*'''''Classical'''''
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|a3=
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*'''''Alternative'''''
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*Ruminants
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*'''''Mannose-binding Lectin'''''
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*Horses
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Pigs
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|}
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|l3=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
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<br>
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|q4=What type of placenta do dogs and cats have?
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<br>
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|a4=Endotheliochorial
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<big><center>[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO MATERNO-FETAL IMMUNITY''']]</center></big>
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|l4=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
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<big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>
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|q5=What does colostrum contain?
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|a5=
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*Immune factors
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*Growth factors
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*Vitamins
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*Minerals
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|l5=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
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|q6=Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum?
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|a6=
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*IgG in the largest amount
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*IgA
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*IgM
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|l6=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
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|q7=True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk
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|a7=
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*False
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*IgG is most abundent in ruminant milk
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*IgA is most abundent in non-ruminant milk
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|l7=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
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|q8=When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate?
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|a8=
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*The neonate does not recieve colostrum
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*The neonate does not recieve enough colostrum
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*The neonate does not absorb enough colostrum
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*The quality of the colostrum was inadequate
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|l8=Failure of Passive Transfer
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|q9=What does colostrum quality depend upon?
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|a9=
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*Breed
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*Nutrition
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*Season
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*Stress
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*Immunostatus of the dam
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*Milk yield
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*Pre-milking
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*Parity
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*Dripping from the teats
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|l9=Failure of Passive Transfer
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|q10=What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon?
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|a10=
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*Amount the neonate suckles
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*Premature births
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|l10=Failure of Passive Transfer
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</FlashCard>
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===Testing Colostrum Quality===
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<FlashCard questions="9">
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|q1=True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance
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|a1=True
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|l1=Colostrum Quality Testing
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|q2=How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential?
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|a2=
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*Freezing immediately will make the colostrum last for a year
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*Refridgerating immediately will make the colostrum last for 5-7 days
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|l2=Colostrum Quality Testing
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|q3=How can the immune status of colostrum be tested?
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|a3=
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*By a colostrometer
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*Through using the Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test
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*Total serum protein can be calculated
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|l3=Colostrum Quality Testing
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|q4=Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure?
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|a4=IgG
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|l4=Colostrum Quality Testing
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|q5=Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)?
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|a5=
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*Above 20°C levels of IgG will be underestimated
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*Below 20°C levels of IgG will be overestimated
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|l5=Colostrum Quality Testing
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|q6=What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves?
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|a6=Above 30 ZST units
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|l6=Colostrum Quality Testing
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|q7=What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals?
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|a7=Above 800 mg/dl
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|l7=Colostrum Quality Testing
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|q8=What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested?
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|a8=
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*A refractometer
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*2-8 days old
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|l8=Colostrum Quality Testing
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|q9=What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum?
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|a9=Above 4.5 mg/dl
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|l9=Colostrum Quality Testing
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</FlashCard>
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===Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)===
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<FlashCard questions="3">
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|q1=When does alloimmune haemalytic anaemia occur?
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|a1=
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*When a neonate inherits the sires blood type and drinks colostrum from the dam
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*As the colostrum contains antibodies against the sire and thus the neonates red blood cells
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|l1=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
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|q2=When does Neonatal Isoerythrolysis occur?
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|a2=
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*First pregnancy from a stallion with incompatible blood type to the mare
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*Subsequent pregnancy from the same stallion or same blood group as previously exposed to
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|l2=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
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|q3=True or False: Neonatal Isoerythrolysis always occurs in mules
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|a3=True
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|l3=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
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</FlashCard>
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<br><br>
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{{Jim Bee 2007}}
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[[Category:Materno-Fetal Immunity|Z]]
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[[Category:Immunology Flashcards]]

Latest revision as of 16:46, 17 March 2012

Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)

Question Answer Article
How can antibodies be transferred between individuals? Link to Article
Why do neonates require maternal antibodies? Link to Article
In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta? Link to Article
What type of placenta do dogs and cats have? Link to Article
What does colostrum contain? Link to Article
Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum? Link to Article
True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk Link to Article
When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate? Link to Article
What does colostrum quality depend upon? Link to Article
What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon? Link to Article


Testing Colostrum Quality

Question Answer Article
True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance Link to Article
How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential? Link to Article
How can the immune status of colostrum be tested? Link to Article
Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure? Link to Article
Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)? Link to Article
What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves? Link to Article
What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals? Link to Article
What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested? Link to Article
What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum? Link to Article


Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)

Question Answer Article
When does alloimmune haemalytic anaemia occur? Link to Article
When does Neonatal Isoerythrolysis occur? Link to Article
True or False: Neonatal Isoerythrolysis always occurs in mules Link to Article




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