Difference between revisions of "Materno-fetal Immunity Flashcards"
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| − | + | ===Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)=== | |
| − | + | <FlashCard questions="10"> | |
| − | + | |q1=How can antibodies be transferred between individuals? | |
| − | + | |a1= | |
| − | + | *Colostrum | |
| − | + | *Crossing of the placenta | |
| − | + | *Milk | |
| − | + | *Vaccination | |
| − | + | *Plasma transfusions | |
| − | == | + | |l1=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction |
| − | + | |q2=Why do neonates require maternal antibodies? | |
| − | + | |a2= | |
| − | + | *Immunocompromised at birth due to a poorly developed immune system | |
| − | + | *Mucosal surfaces are particularly vunerable | |
| − | + | *Colostral and milk antibodies protect neonates from infection | |
| − | + | |l2=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction | |
| − | | | + | |q3=In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta? |
| − | * | + | |a3= |
| − | * | + | *Ruminants |
| − | * | + | *Horses |
| − | * | + | *Pigs |
| − | * | + | |l3=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction |
| − | | | + | |q4=What type of placenta do dogs and cats have? |
| − | + | |a4=Endotheliochorial | |
| − | + | |l4=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction | |
| − | | | + | |q5=What does colostrum contain? |
| − | * | + | |a5= |
| − | * | + | *Immune factors |
| − | * | + | *Growth factors |
| − | | | + | *Vitamins |
| − | + | *Minerals | |
| − | + | |l5=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction | |
| − | | | + | |q6=Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum? |
| − | * | + | |a6= |
| − | * | + | *IgG in the largest amount |
| − | * | + | *IgA |
| − | | | + | *IgM |
| − | + | |l6=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction | |
| − | + | |q7=True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk | |
| − | | | + | |a7= |
| − | + | *False | |
| − | | | + | *IgG is most abundent in ruminant milk |
| − | + | *IgA is most abundent in non-ruminant milk | |
| − | + | |l7=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction | |
| − | | | + | |q8=When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate? |
| − | * | + | |a8= |
| − | * | + | *The neonate does not recieve colostrum |
| − | * | + | *The neonate does not recieve enough colostrum |
| − | * | + | *The neonate does not absorb enough colostrum |
| − | | | + | *The quality of the colostrum was inadequate |
| − | + | |l8=Failure of Passive Transfer | |
| − | + | |q9=What does colostrum quality depend upon? | |
| − | | | + | |a9= |
| − | * | + | *Breed |
| − | * | + | *Nutrition |
| − | * | + | *Season |
| − | | | + | *Stress |
| − | + | *Immunostatus of the dam | |
| − | + | *Milk yield | |
| − | | | + | *Pre-milking |
| − | * | + | *Parity |
| − | * | + | *Dripping from the teats |
| − | * | + | |l9=Failure of Passive Transfer |
| − | | | + | |q10=What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon? |
| − | + | |a10= | |
| − | + | *Amount the neonate suckles | |
| − | | | + | *Premature births |
| − | * | + | |l10=Failure of Passive Transfer |
| − | * | + | </FlashCard> |
| − | * | + | ===Testing Colostrum Quality=== |
| − | * | + | <FlashCard questions="9"> |
| − | | | + | |q1=True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance |
| − | + | |a1=True | |
| − | + | |l1=Colostrum Quality Testing | |
| − | | | + | |q2=How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential? |
| − | * | + | |a2= |
| − | * | + | *Freezing immediately will make the colostrum last for a year |
| − | * | + | *Refridgerating immediately will make the colostrum last for 5-7 days |
| − | * | + | |l2=Colostrum Quality Testing |
| − | * | + | |q3=How can the immune status of colostrum be tested? |
| − | * | + | |a3= |
| − | * | + | *By a colostrometer |
| − | * | + | *Through using the Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test |
| − | * | + | *Total serum protein can be calculated |
| − | | | + | |l3=Colostrum Quality Testing |
| − | + | |q4=Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure? | |
| − | + | |a4=IgG | |
| − | | | + | |l4=Colostrum Quality Testing |
| − | * | + | |q5=Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)? |
| − | * | + | |a5= |
| − | | | + | *Above 20°C levels of IgG will be underestimated |
| − | + | *Below 20°C levels of IgG will be overestimated | |
| − | + | |l5=Colostrum Quality Testing | |
| − | + | |q6=What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves? | |
| − | == | + | |a6=Above 30 ZST units |
| − | + | |l6=Colostrum Quality Testing | |
| − | + | |q7=What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals? | |
| − | + | |a7=Above 800 mg/dl | |
| − | + | |l7=Colostrum Quality Testing | |
| − | + | |q8=What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested? | |
| − | + | |a8= | |
| − | | | + | *A refractometer |
| − | + | *2-8 days old | |
| − | | | + | |l8=Colostrum Quality Testing |
| − | + | |q9=What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum? | |
| − | + | |a9=Above 4.5 mg/dl | |
| − | | | + | |l9=Colostrum Quality Testing |
| − | * | + | </FlashCard> |
| − | * | + | ===Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)=== |
| − | | | + | <FlashCard questions="3"> |
| − | + | |q1=When does alloimmune haemalytic anaemia occur? | |
| − | + | |a1= | |
| − | | | + | *When a neonate inherits the sires blood type and drinks colostrum from the dam |
| − | * | + | *As the colostrum contains antibodies against the sire and thus the neonates red blood cells |
| − | * | + | |l1=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis |
| − | * | + | |q2=When does Neonatal Isoerythrolysis occur? |
| − | | | + | |a2= |
| − | + | *First pregnancy from a stallion with incompatible blood type to the mare | |
| − | + | *Subsequent pregnancy from the same stallion or same blood group as previously exposed to | |
| − | | | + | |l2=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis |
| − | + | |q3=True or False: Neonatal Isoerythrolysis always occurs in mules | |
| − | | | + | |a3=True |
| − | | | + | |l3=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis |
| − | + | </FlashCard> | |
| − | | | + | <br><br> |
| − | * | + | {{Jim Bee 2007}} |
| − | * | + | [[Category:Materno-Fetal Immunity|Z]] |
| − | | | + | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:46, 17 March 2012
Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| How can antibodies be transferred between individuals? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Why do neonates require maternal antibodies? |
|
Link to Article | |
| In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What type of placenta do dogs and cats have? | Endotheliochorial
|
Link to Article | |
| What does colostrum contain? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum? |
|
Link to Article | |
| True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk |
|
Link to Article | |
| When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What does colostrum quality depend upon? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon? |
|
Link to Article | |
Testing Colostrum Quality
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance | True
|
Link to Article | |
| How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential? |
|
Link to Article | |
| How can the immune status of colostrum be tested? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure? | IgG
|
Link to Article | |
| Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves? | Above 30 ZST units
|
Link to Article | |
| What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals? | Above 800 mg/dl
|
Link to Article | |
| What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum? | Above 4.5 mg/dl
|
Link to Article | |
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| When does alloimmune haemalytic anaemia occur? |
|
Link to Article | |
| When does Neonatal Isoerythrolysis occur? |
|
Link to Article | |
| True or False: Neonatal Isoerythrolysis always occurs in mules | True
|
Link to Article | |
|
Originally funded by the RVC Jim Bee Award 2007 |