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Passive immunity occurs when 'preformed' antibodies are made in one animal and passed onto another. For example a cow passes on her own antibodies to her calf via colostrum (first milk after parturition) and milk.  

Passive immunity occurs when 'preformed' antibodies are made in one animal and passed onto another. For example a cow passes on her own antibodies to her calf via colostrum (first milk after parturition) and milk.  

Antibodies can be transferred to other individuals via colostrum, milk, crossing of the [[Gestation -Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]], [[Vaccines - WikiBlood|vaccination]], and plasma transfusions.

Antibodies can be transferred to other individuals via colostrum, milk, crossing of the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]], [[Vaccines|vaccination]], and plasma transfusions.

'''3. Colostral and milk [[Immunoglobulins|antibodies]] protect neonates from infections'''

'''3. Colostral and milk [[Immunoglobulins|antibodies]] protect neonates from infections'''

==Passive transfer via [[Gestation -Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]]==

==Passive transfer via [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]]==

[[Image:Colostrum Intake.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Colostrum Intake - Copyright Prof Dirk Werling DrMedVet PhD MRCVS]]

[[Image:Colostrum Intake.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Colostrum Intake - Copyright Prof Dirk Werling DrMedVet PhD MRCVS]]

In the dam [[Lymphoreticular System - Anatomy & Physiology#B cells|B cells]] migrate from the [[Regional Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|MALT]] to the [[Lactation - The Mammary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|mammary gland]] where [[Immunoglobulins|antibodies]] are secreted into the colostrum and milk.

In the dam [[Lymphoreticular System - Anatomy & Physiology#B cells|B cells]] migrate from the [[Regional Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|MALT]] to the [[Mammary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|mammary gland]] where [[Immunoglobulins|antibodies]] are secreted into the colostrum and milk.

===Colostrum===  

===Colostrum===  

** Growth factors: EgF, IGF-I, IGF-II, FyF, PDGF, TgF A and B and growth hormone (GH) - which aid in rebuilding damaged body systems and stimulating the bodies metabolism to burn fat for energy instead of the bodies own muscle tissue.

** Growth factors: EgF, IGF-I, IGF-II, FyF, PDGF, TgF A and B and growth hormone (GH) - which aid in rebuilding damaged body systems and stimulating the bodies metabolism to burn fat for energy instead of the bodies own muscle tissue.

** Vitamins and minerals.

** Vitamins and minerals.

*[[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] is most abudant in colostrum, followed by [[Immunoglobulin A|[[IgA]]]] and [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]]  

*[[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] is most abudant in colostrum, followed by [[Immunoglobulin A|IgA]] and [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]]  

* During the first 30 hours of life, [[Immunoglobulins|immunoglobulins]] are absorbed through the intact [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]] and pass to the [[lacteals]], [[Lymphatic Vessels - Anatomy & Physiology|thoracic duct]] and into the systemic circulation.  

* During the first 30 hours of life, [[Immunoglobulins|immunoglobulins]] are absorbed through the intact [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]] and pass to the lacteals, [[Lymphatic Vessels - Anatomy & Physiology|thoracic duct]] and into the systemic circulation.  

* The first diagram (entitled Transfer of [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] across intestine via FcRn) shows [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] being present in the intestine of a neonate, from the ingestion of colostrum. Fc receptors (FcRn) are present on the surface of the intestinal epithelial cell in neonates for the first 30 hours. The [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] binds to the receptors and is transported through the cell by pinocytosis and released into the lacteals unchanged.  

* The first diagram (entitled Transfer of [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] across intestine via FcRn) shows [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] being present in the intestine of a neonate, from the ingestion of colostrum. Fc receptors (FcRn) are present on the surface of the intestinal epithelial cell in neonates for the first 30 hours. The [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] binds to the receptors and is transported through the cell by pinocytosis and released into the lacteals unchanged.  

* The capacity for immunoglobulin absorption progressively declines from birth due to the FcRn only being present for a limited period of time. After 6 hours a third of the FcRn are non functional.  

* The capacity for immunoglobulin absorption progressively declines from birth due to the FcRn only being present for a limited period of time. After 6 hours a third of the FcRn are non functional.  

==Milk==  

==Milk==  

Milk is the primary source of nutrition for young before they are able to digest other food.

Milk is the primary source of nutrition for young before they are able to digest other food.

In non-ruminants [[Immunoglobulin A|'''[[IgA]]''']] is most abundant, followed by [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] and [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]]; [[Immunoglobulin G|'''IgG''']] is most abundant in ruminant milk.

In non-ruminants [[Immunoglobulin A|'''IgA''']] is most abundant, followed by [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] and [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]]; [[Immunoglobulin G|'''IgG''']] is most abundant in ruminant milk.

* Milk has approximately 1/100th of the antibody concentration of colostrum.

* Milk has approximately 1/100th of the antibody concentration of colostrum.

* Between colostrum and milk there is a period where a substance similar to them both is secreted called transition milk. By approximately 5-7 days milk is being secreted.

* Between colostrum and milk there is a period where a substance similar to them both is secreted called transition milk. By approximately 5-7 days milk is being secreted.

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[[Category:Materno-Fetal Immunity]]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[[Category:Materno-Fetal Immunity|A]]