Difference between revisions of "Inflammation - Introduction"
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==Cardinal Signs== | ==Cardinal Signs== | ||
| − | The classical gross signs of inflammation have been recognised since the time of Celsus (25BC-AD50). These are | + | * The classical gross signs of inflammation have been recognised since the time of Celsus (25BC-AD50). |
| + | ** These are known as the cardinal signs of inflammation. | ||
| − | # '''Reddening''' | + | # '''Reddening''' |
| − | #* Caused by increased blood flow (hyperaemia) to the area, due to dilation of previously inconspicuous capillaries. | + | #* Caused by increased blood flow (hyperaemia) to the area, due to dilation of previously inconspicuous capillaries.. |
| − | # '''Swelling''' | + | # '''Swelling''' |
#* The inflamed area appears swollen due to exudation of fluid from the dilated blood vessels into the inflamed tissue. | #* The inflamed area appears swollen due to exudation of fluid from the dilated blood vessels into the inflamed tissue. | ||
| − | # '''Heat''' | + | # '''Heat''' |
#* There is increased heat in the affected tissue due to increased blood flow. | #* There is increased heat in the affected tissue due to increased blood flow. | ||
#* The temperature of the inflamed portion approximates to internal body temperature. | #* The temperature of the inflamed portion approximates to internal body temperature. | ||
| − | # '''Pain''' | + | # '''Pain''' |
| − | #* Chemical mediators of pain are | + | #* Chemical mediators of pain are release by damaged tissue. in the affected tissue caused by #* Inflammatory exudate puts local pressure on nerve endings. |
| − | #* Inflammatory exudate puts local pressure on nerve endings. | ||
# '''Loss of function''' | # '''Loss of function''' | ||
#* The pain and damage to the tissue result in a reluctance to use the inflamed portion. | #* The pain and damage to the tissue result in a reluctance to use the inflamed portion. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | * Inflammation has many causes: | ||
| + | ** Microorganisms and helminths (parasites). | ||
| + | ** Trauma | ||
| + | ** Mechanical, thermal, and chemical agents. | ||
| + | ** Some immune reactions | ||
| + | *** Hypersensitivity/ allergy. | ||
| + | ** Malignant neoplasms. | ||
[[Category:Inflammation|A]] | [[Category:Inflammation|A]] | ||
Revision as of 14:20, 9 May 2012
Introduction
Inflammation is the process by which cells and exudate accumulate in irritated tissues and usually tend to protect them from further injury.
Cardinal Signs
- The classical gross signs of inflammation have been recognised since the time of Celsus (25BC-AD50).
- These are known as the cardinal signs of inflammation.
- Reddening
- Caused by increased blood flow (hyperaemia) to the area, due to dilation of previously inconspicuous capillaries..
- Swelling
- The inflamed area appears swollen due to exudation of fluid from the dilated blood vessels into the inflamed tissue.
- Heat
- There is increased heat in the affected tissue due to increased blood flow.
- The temperature of the inflamed portion approximates to internal body temperature.
- Pain
- Chemical mediators of pain are release by damaged tissue. in the affected tissue caused by #* Inflammatory exudate puts local pressure on nerve endings.
- Loss of function
- The pain and damage to the tissue result in a reluctance to use the inflamed portion.
Causes
- Inflammation has many causes:
- Microorganisms and helminths (parasites).
- Trauma
- Mechanical, thermal, and chemical agents.
- Some immune reactions
- Hypersensitivity/ allergy.
- Malignant neoplasms.