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*Formerly known as ''~~Bacteroides~~''

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*Characteristics:

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{{Taxobox

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**Large Gram negative rods with terminal swellings

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|name =''Dichelobacter nodosus''

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**Long polar fimbriae

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|phylum =Proteobacteria

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**16 antigenic types of fimbriae - used to differentiate strains antigenically

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|order =Cardiobacteriales

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**All strains possess same O antigen

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|family =Cardiobacteriaceae

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**Colonies of virulent strains have a dark central zone, a pale granular middle zone and an irregular periphery

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|genus =Dichelobacter

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**Strains detected by ELISA and PCR

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|species =''D.nodosus''

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**Thermostable proteases and elastase contribute to pathogenesis

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}}

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**Keratinolytic proteases required for virulence

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**Fimbriae required for adhesion to hoof

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**Primary pathogen of epidermal tissues of hoof of ruminants, suriving briefly in the envionment

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**Passed from animal to animal

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**Causes foot rot in sheep along with other bacteria

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*Ovine footrot:

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**Contagious, economically important disease

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**Wet pasture and hydrated stratum corneum leads to colonisation by Gram positive cocci and [[Arcanobacter pyogenes|~~''Arcanobacter pyogenes'']], followed by ''F. necrophorum''; addition of~~ ''D. nodosus'' ~~causes footrot~~

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**Can lead to loss of hoof

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*Immunity:

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**Homologous antibody to fimbrial antigen prevents adhesion and protects against footrot

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**Antibody must penetrate the epidermal layers and reach adequate concentration on the skin surface

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**Vaccine available

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''D.nodosus'' is formerly known as ''Bacteroides''. It is a pathogenic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming Gram-negative bacteria. It causes [[Contagious Footrot|footrot]] in sheep, along with other bacteria.

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[[Contagious Footrot]]

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==Characteristics==

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[~~[Category~~:~~Pathogenic_anaerobic_non-spore~~-~~forming_Gram~~-~~negative]~~][[Category:~~Sheep~~]]

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''D.nodosus'' are large rods with terminal swellings. They have long, polar fimbriae. There are 16 antigenic types of fimbriae, which can be used to differentiate strains antigenically. All of the strains possess the same O antigen.

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[[Category:~~To_Do_-_Bacteria~~]]

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Colonies of virulent strains have a dark central zone, a pale granular middle zone and an irregular periphery.

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==Pathogenesis==

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Thermostable proteases and elastase contribute to the pathogenesis of ''D.nodosus''. Keratinolytic proteases are required for virulence and fimbriae are required for adhesion to hoof.

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''D.nodosus'' is a primary pathogen of epidermal tissues of the hoof of ruminants, surviving briefly in the environment. It can be passed from animal to animal.

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==Immunity==

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A homologous antibody to the fimbrial antigen prevents adhesion and protects against ''D.nodosus''. The antibody must penetrate the epidermal layers and reach adequate concentration on the skin surface. A vaccine is available against ''D.nodosus''. Strains can be detected by ELISA and PCR.

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For more information on [[Contagious Footrot]].

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{{Learning

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|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Dichelobacter+nodosus%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=56&y=13&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Dichelobacter nodosus'' publications]

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}}

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[[Category:Gram Negative Anaerobic Bacteria]]

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[[Category:Expert_Review]]

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Revision as of 18:48, 5 July 2012