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==Introduction==

==Description==

Glucagonomas are very rare tumours of the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans that produce the hormone glucagon without appropriate regulation.  The excessive secretion of glucogon is a form of topic paraneoplastic syndrome.  The disease has been reported in approximately ten dogs and it is therefore extremely rare.

Glucagonomas are very rare tumours of the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans that produce the hormone glucagon without appropriate regulation.  The excessive secretion of glucogon is a form of topic paraneoplastic syndrome.  The disease has been reported in approximately ten dogs and it is therefore extremely rare.

As in humans, glucagonoma is characterised by the formation of skin lesions collectively described as '''necrolytic migratory erythema''' (NME)<ref>Byrne KP. '''Metabolic epidermal necrosis-hepatocutaneous syndrome.''' ''Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1999 Nov;29(6):1337-55.''</ref>, a syndrome which is observed much more commonly in dogs with liver failure when it is termed [[Endocrine effects on the skin - Pathology#Superficial Necrolytic Dermatopathy|'''hepataocutaneous syndrome''']].  Glucagonoma accounts for approximately ten percent of cases of NME.  Dogs with glucagonoma frequently show signs of [[Diabetes Mellitus|diabetes mellitus]] as glucagon is antagonistic to insulin.

As in humans, glucagonoma is characterised by the formation of skin lesions collectively described as [[Hepatocutaneous Syndrome|'''necrolytic migratory erythema''' (NME)]]<ref>Byrne KP. '''Metabolic epidermal necrosis-hepatocutaneous syndrome.''' ''Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1999 Nov;29(6):1337-55.''</ref>, a syndrome which is observed much more commonly in dogs with liver failure when it is termed [[Endocrine effects on the skin - Pathology#Superficial Necrolytic Dermatopathy|'''hepataocutaneous syndrome''']].  Glucagonoma accounts for approximately ten percent of cases of NME.  Dogs with glucagonoma frequently show signs of [[Diabetes Mellitus|diabetes mellitus]] as glucagon is antagonistic to insulin.

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

The prognosis is generally poor as the tumour has usually metastasised by the time it is diagnosed.

The prognosis is generally poor as the tumour has usually metastasised by the time it is diagnosed.

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|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Glucagonoma&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=76&y=6&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all Glucagonoma publications]

 

 

[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Glucagonoma&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=76&y=6&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all Glucagonoma publications]

==References==

==References==

<references/>

<references/>

Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) '''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (6th edition, volume 2)''' ''Elsevier Saunders''

Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) '''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (6th edition, volume 2)''' ''Elsevier Saunders''

[[Category:Pancreas_-_Hyperplastic_and_Neoplastic_Pathology]][[Category:Endocrine_System_-_Pathology]]

[[Category:Pancreas_-_Hyperplastic_and_Neoplastic_Pathology]][[Category:Endocrine_System_-_Pathology]]