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Also known as: '''''Colic — Impaction — Simple Obstruction — Small Intestinal Simple Obstruction — Small Intestinal Obstruction — Small Intestinal Impaction
Also known as: '''''Colic — Impaction — Simple Obstruction — Small Intestinal Simple Obstruction — Small Intestinal Obstruction — Small Intestinal Impaction
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
Early [[Colic Diagnosis - Rectal Examination|rectal examination]] may reveal the impaction low in the right caudal abdominal quadrant. Subsequent distention of the jejunum will be palpable ''per rectum'' but may preclude palpation of the impaction, thus the definitive diagnosis is often made at surgery. Many horses with ileal impaction are delayed in their referral because initially their colic is mild and their condition deceptively stable. [[Colic Diagnosis - Abdominocentesis|Abdominocentesis]] may show an elevated protein concentration if the impaction has persisted for more than about 18 hours.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref> The most likely differential diagnosis is '''proximal jejunitis''', which can be challenging to rule out.
Early [[Colic Diagnosis - Rectal Examination|rectal examination]] may reveal the impaction low in the right caudal abdominal quadrant. Subsequent distention of the jejunum will be palpable ''per rectum'' but may preclude palpation of the impaction, thus the definitive diagnosis is often made at surgery. Many horses with ileal impaction are delayed in their referral because initially their colic is mild and their condition deceptively stable. [[Colic - Peritoneal Fluid Analysis|Abdominocentesis]] may show an elevated protein concentration if the impaction has persisted for more than about 18 hours.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref> The most likely differential diagnosis is '''proximal jejunitis''', which can be challenging to rule out.
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Feacal worm egg counts do not reliably detect horses infected with ''A.perfoliata''. An '''ELISA''' to test for the host antibody response to tapeworms has been developed with a reported sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 95%.<ref>Proudman, C.J, Trees, A.J (1996) Use of excretory/secretory antigens for the serodiagnosis of ''Anoplocephala perfoliata'' cestodosis. ''Vet Parasitol'', 61:239-247.</ref> Although this test is useful for detecting horses with a high intensity of infection, it measures past and current infection so must be interpreted in light of the anthelmintic history. More recently, a '''coproantigen capture ELISA''' has demonstrated some promise in a small sample of horses.<ref name="Kania">Kania, S.A, Reinemeyer, C.R (2005) ''Anoplocephala perfoliata'' coproantigen detection: a preliminary study. ''Vet Parasitol'', 127(2):115-9.</ref> Such tests may be used as part of a '''targeted strategic dosing''' programme for anthelmintic administration.
Feacal worm egg counts do not reliably detect horses infected with ''A.perfoliata''. An '''ELISA''' to test for the host antibody response to tapeworms has been developed with a reported sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 95%.<ref>Proudman, C.J, Trees, A.J (1996) Use of excretory/secretory antigens for the serodiagnosis of ''Anoplocephala perfoliata'' cestodosis. ''Vet Parasitol'', 61:239-247.</ref> Although this test is useful for detecting horses with a high intensity of infection, it measures past and current infection so must be interpreted in light of the anthelmintic history. More recently, a '''coproantigen capture ELISA''' has demonstrated some promise in a small sample of horses.<ref name="Kania">Kania, S.A, Reinemeyer, C.R (2005) ''Anoplocephala perfoliata'' coproantigen detection: a preliminary study. ''Vet Parasitol'', 127(2):115-9.</ref> Such tests may be used as part of a '''targeted strategic dosing''' programme for anthelmintic administration.
{{Learning
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28ileum%29+OR+title%3A%28ileal%29%29+AND+%28title%3A%28impaction%29+OR+title%3A%28obstruction%29%29+AND+od%3A%28horses%29 Ileal Impaction in horses publications]
}}
[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28ileum%29+OR+title%3A%28ileal%29%29+AND+%28title%3A%28impaction%29+OR+title%3A%28obstruction%29%29+AND+od%3A%28horses%29 Ileal Impaction in horses publications]
==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Intestine_-_Mechanical_Obstruction]]
[[Category:Intestine_-_Mechanical_Obstruction]]