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[[File:listeria.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Electron micrograph of Listeria monocytogenes. (Marco Tolo 2006, Wikimedia commons)</center></small>]]

[[File:listeria 2.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Electron micrograph of ''Listeria monocytogenes''. (Marco Tolo 2006, Wikimedia commons)</center></small>]]

[[File:listeria 3.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Listeria monocytogenes grown on Bio-Rad RAPID'L.Mono® Agar. (James Folsom 2007, Wikimedia commons)</center></small>]]

[[File:listeria 3.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>''Listeria monocytogenes'' grown on Bio-Rad RAPID'L.Mono® Agar. (James Folsom 2003, Wikimedia commons)</center></small>]]

==Overview==

==Overview==

   

   

''Listeria'' are intracellular pathogens. They are Gram positive rods with catalase positive and oxidase negative activity. They are facultative anaerobes and have tumbling motility.

''Listeria'' are intracellular pathogens. They are Gram positive rods with catalase positive and oxidase negative activity. They are facultative anaerobes and have tumbling motility.

[[Listeria monocytogenes|''L.monocytogenes'']] is haemolytic on blood agar due to a cytolytic protein, listeriolysin, and grows at range of pH values and temperatures. [[Listeria ivanovii|''L.ivanovii'']] produces a strong haemolytic zone. ''Listeria'' produces small, smooth, transparent colonies after 24 hours incubation. They are able to grow on non-enriched media.

[[Listeria monocytogenes|''L.monocytogenes'']] is haemolytic on blood agar due to a cytolytic protein, '''listeriolysin''', and grows at range of pH values and temperatures. [[Listeria ivanovii|''L.ivanovii'']] produces a strong haemolytic zone. ''Listeria'' produces small, smooth, transparent colonies after 24 hours incubation. They are able to grow on non-enriched media.

==Pathogenesis and pathogenicity==

==Pathogenesis and pathogenicity==

Specimens for diagnosis should include; CSF in neural cases, cotyledons in abortion and liver, spleen and blood in septicaemia. Immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies can be used. Histology of brain demonstrates microabscesses and lymphocytic cuffing in the brainstem. Smears of cotyledons can be diagnostic in abortion. High protein and cell counts in CSF can be taken in neural cases and isolation on blood and MacConkey agar in septicaemia.

Specimens for diagnosis should include; CSF in neural cases, cotyledons in abortion and liver, spleen and blood in septicaemia. Immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies can be used. Histology of brain demonstrates microabscesses and lymphocytic cuffing in the brainstem. Smears of cotyledons can be diagnostic in abortion. High protein and cell counts in CSF can be taken in neural cases and isolation on blood and MacConkey agar in septicaemia.

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[[Category:Listeria_species|A]]

 

 

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