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Also known as: '''''Colic in foals — Impaction — Simple Obstruction — Small Intestinal Simple Obstruction — Small Intestinal Obstruction — Small Intestinal Impaction

 

| Also known as:

|'''Colic in foals<br>

'''Impaction<br>

'''Simple Obstruction<br>

'''Small Intestinal Simple Obstruction<br>

'''Small Intestinal Obstruction<br>

'''Small Intestinal Impaction'''

 

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

==History==

==History==

 

Recent history (within the previous 24 hours) of being wormed with a product effective against [[:Category:Ascaridoidea|ascarids]].

Recent history (within the previous 24 hours) of being wormed with a product effective against ascarids.

==Aetiology==

==Aetiology==

Products that cause sudden death<ref name="Bliks">Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref> or paralysis<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref> of ascarids, particularly [[Parascaris equorum|''Parascaris equorum'']] within the small intestine.  Adult ascarids are large and thus readily cause small intestinal impaction.<ref name="Bliks">Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>  It has been suggested that disruption of the surface of the ascarid releases antigenic fluids that inhibit intestinal muscular activity, thereby increasing the likelihood of intestinal obstruction.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>  Anthelmintics that are suspected to induce episodes of ascarid impaction include<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004).  ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343.  In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>:

Products that cause sudden death<ref name="Bliks">Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref> or paralysis<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref> of ascarids, particularly [[Parascaris equorum|''Parascaris equorum'']] within the small intestine.  Adult ascarids are large and thus readily cause small intestinal impaction.<ref name="Bliks">Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>  It has been suggested that disruption of the surface of the ascarid releases antigenic fluids that inhibit intestinal muscular activity, thereby increasing the likelihood of intestinal obstruction.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>  Anthelmintics that are suspected to induce episodes of ascarid impaction include<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004).  ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343.  In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>:

*Organophosphates

*Organophosphates

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

*Acute onset mild to severe colic after administration of anthelmintic (onset varies with degree of obstruction<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004).  ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343.  In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>)

*Acute onset mild to severe colic after administration of anthelmintic (onset varies with degree of obstruction<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004).  ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343.  In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>)

*Signs compatible with [[Colic Diagnosis - Clinical Signs|colic due to small intestinal obstruction]]<ref name="Bliks">Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>

*Signs compatible with [[Colic Diagnosis - Clinical Signs|colic due to small intestinal obstruction]]<ref name="Bliks">Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>

==[[:Category:Colic_Diagnosis_in_the_Horse|Diagnosis]]==

==[[:Category:Colic_Diagnosis_in_the_Horse|Diagnosis]]==

*History

*History

*[[Colic Diagnosis - Clinical Signs|Clinical signs]] referable to small intestinal obstruction

*[[Colic Diagnosis - Clinical Signs|Clinical signs]] referable to small intestinal obstruction

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==

Fair in cases that are rapidly treated but poor in foals with evidence of hypovolaemia and septic shock.  Surgical cases also carry a poorer prognosis than cases which are resolved medically.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>  In a recent study, long term survival of 25 affected horses was 33%.<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004).  ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343.  In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>:  Failure to relieve the impaction may lead to intestinal rupture.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>

Fair in cases that are rapidly treated but poor in foals with evidence of hypovolaemia and septic shock.  Surgical cases also carry a poorer prognosis than cases which are resolved medically.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>  In a recent study, long term survival of 25 affected horses was 33%.<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004).  ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343.  In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>:  Failure to relieve the impaction may lead to intestinal rupture.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>

==Prevention==

==Prevention==

===Anthelmintics===

===Anthelmintics===

Ensure a regular worming programme that prevents a build-up of large ascarid burdens in the foal:

Ensure a regular worming programme that prevents a build-up of large ascarid burdens in the foal:

*Regular '''faecal worm egg counts (FECs)''' should be conducted to monitor the effects of the anthelmintic schedule and the presence of resistance

*Regular '''faecal worm egg counts (FECs)''' should be conducted to monitor the effects of the anthelmintic schedule and the presence of resistance

*The worming programme for adult horses should reflect the circumstances and efficiency of clean pasture management.  A strategic or '''targeted strategic dosing''' plan is recommended.

*The worming programme for adult horses should reflect the circumstances and efficiency of clean pasture management.  A strategic or '''targeted strategic dosing''' plan is recommended.

==References==

==References==

<references/>

<references/>

[[Category:Intestine_-_Mechanical_Obstruction]]

[[Category:Intestine_-_Mechanical_Obstruction]]

[[Category:Surgical_Colic_in_the_Horse]]

[[Category:Surgical_Colic_in_the_Horse]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Review]]

[[Category:Expert_Review - Horse]]

[[Category:Small Intestinal Diseases - Horse]]