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{{Taxobox

{{Taxobox

|name              =Culicidae

|name              =Culicidae

|species            =

|species            =

}}

}}

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"

[[Image:Tabanus.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Tabanidae tabanus (horse fly). Source: Wikimedia Commons; Author: Alvesgaspar (2010)]]

| Also known as:

| '''Horse flies

|-

 

Tabanidae flies are found throughout the world and although commonly being known as the horse fly they attack a wide variety of animals including humans. There are several genus of veterinary importance;

Tabanidae flies are found throughout the world and although commonly being known as the horse fly they attack a wide variety of animals including humans. There are several genus of veterinary importance;

*''Tabanus''

*''Tabanus''

*''Chrysops'' -  also known as deerflies

*''Chrysops'' -  also known as deerflies

*''Haematopota'' - also known as clegs

*''Haematopota'' - also known as clegs

==Recognition==

==Recognition==

==Life Cycle==

==Life Cycle==

Tabanidae flies lay their eggs on the underside of leaves overhanging areas of water. When they eggs hatch the larvae fall from the leaves into the water where they remain for anywhere between 3 months and 3 years if overwintering occurs. Once the larvae have developed they move onto dry land to pupate. The pupa hatches after about 3 weeks and live flies emerge. In total this life cycle takes '''over one year''' to complete.  

Tabanidae flies lay their eggs on the underside of leaves overhanging areas of water. When the eggs hatch the larvae fall from the leaves into the water where they remain for anywhere between 3 months and 3 years if overwintering occurs. Once the larvae have developed they move onto dry land to pupate. The pupa hatches after about 3 weeks and live flies emerge. In total this life cycle takes '''over one year''' to complete.  

==Pathogenesis==

==Pathogenesis==

The Tabanidae flies in themselves are responsible for painful, irritating bites which can cause distress to the animal in question. They are most active on hot, sunny days and locate their prey by sight using their large bulbous eyes. As well as causing irritation when biting the flies act as mechanical vectors for a number of other pathogens;  

The Tabanidae flies in themselves are responsible for painful, irritating bites which can cause distress to the animal in question. They are most active on hot, sunny days and locate their prey by sight using their large bulbous eyes. As well as causing irritation when biting the flies act as mechanical vectors for a number of other pathogens;  

*Bacteria such as [[Bacillus species#Bacillus anthracis|anthrax]] and pasteurellosis

*Bacteria such as [[Bacillus species#Bacillus anthracis|anthrax]] and pasteurellosis

*Viruses such as [[Equine Infectious Anemia|Equine infectious anaemia]] and [[African Horse Sickness|African horse sickness]]

*Viruses such as [[Equine Infectious Anemia|Equine infectious anaemia]] and [[African Horse Sickness|African horse sickness]]

*Rickettsiales, such as [[Anaplasma marginale|anaplasmosis]]

*Rickettsiales, such as [[Anaplasmosis|anaplasmosis]]

The Tabanidae flies may also act as intermediate host for some trypanosome species.

The Tabanidae flies may also act as intermediate host for some trypanosome species.

[[Category:Biting_Flies]]

[[Category:Biting_Flies]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_NickJ]]

[[Category:Expert_Review - Parasites]]