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Also Known As –''''' pADV1-5 – pADV A-C'''''
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{{Podcasts
|link = http://media.bloomsburymediacloud.org/podcasts/wikivet-english/porcine-adenovirus
}}
Also Known As: '''''pADV 1-5 — pADV A-C'''''
==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Porcine adenovirus causes [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] and [[Alimentary System|gastrointestinal]] disease in piglets and also often being implicated in '''multifactorial [[Respiratory System|respiratory]]''' diseases.
Porcine adenovirus causes [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] and gastrointestinal disease in piglets and is also often implicated in '''multifactorial respiratory''' diseases.
pADV-4 is thought to be the most pathogenic of the porcine [[Adenoviridae|adenoviruses]].
pADV-4 is thought to be the most pathogenic of the porcine [[Adenoviridae|adenoviruses]].
pADV is a '''low grade pathogen''', associated with short duration mild clinical signs.
pADV is a '''low grade pathogen''', associated with short duration mild clinical signs.
'''[[Diarrhoea]], inappetance, dehydration, anorexia'''
'''[[Diarrhoea]], inappetance, dehydration and anorexia''' often present in various degrees of severity.
'''Dullness, depression, lethargy, listlessness and tremors''' may develop, often secondary to dehydration.
'''Dullness, depression, lethargy, listlessness and tremors''' may develop, often secondary to dehydration.
'''Reproductive''' disease may present as abortion and stillbirth pigs.
'''Reproductive''' disease may present as abortion and stillbirth pigs.
Respiratory disease, e.g. cough, dyspnoea, blue extremities etc often develops when combined with other pathogens.
Respiratory disease, e.g. cough, dyspnoea, blue extremities etc. often develops when combined with other pathogens.
Subclinical and asymptomatic infections are common.
Subclinical and asymptomatic infections are common.
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
Histologically, pADV causes formation of '''nuclear inclusion bodies''' in the intestinal cells<ref> Buller, C. R., Moxley, R. A. (1988) Natural infection of porcine ileal dome M cells with rotavirus and enteric adenovirus. Vet Path, 25(6):516-517; 9</ref>.
Histologically, pADV causes formation of '''nuclear inclusion bodies''' in the intestinal cells<ref> Buller, C. R., Moxley, R. A. (1988) '''Natural infection of porcine ileal dome M cells with rotavirus and enteric adenovirus.''''' Vet Path'', 25(6):516-517; 9</ref>.
'''Viral isolation can be performed in tissue cultures'''. Cells infected become rounded and enlarged and then detach from the vessel.
'''Viral isolation can be performed in tissue cultures'''. Cells infected become rounded and enlarged and then detach from the vessel.
Viral particles can be seen via '''electron microscopy''' up to 6 days post infection.
Viral particles can be seen via '''electron microscopy''' up to 6 days post infection.
'''Immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent''' staining can demonstrate viral antigen.
'''Immunoperoxidase and [[Immunofluorescence|immunofluorescent]]''' staining can demonstrate viral antigen.
'''Antibodies''' can be detected serologically with '''immunodiffusion, complement fixation, serum neutralisation and [[ELISA testing|ELISA]].'''
'''Antibodies''' can be detected serologically with '''[[immunodiffusion]], [[Complement Fixation|complement fixation]], serum neutralisation and [[ELISA testing|ELISA]].'''
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
'''None''' is usually necessary as disease is mild and/or transient.
'''None''' is usually necessary as disease is mild and/or transient.
Affected animals can become dehydrated and so '''symptomatic treatment''' with fluid replacement solutions is recommended.
==Control==
==Control==
'''None''' is usually practised although a study has demonstrated beneficial use of a vaccine<ref> Kadoi, K (1997) Beneficial use of inactivated porcine adenovirus vaccine and antibody response of young pigs. New Microbiol. 20:89-91</ref>
'''None''' is usually practised although a study has demonstrated beneficial use of a vaccine<ref> Kadoi, K (1997) '''Beneficial use of inactivated porcine adenovirus vaccine and antibody response of young pigs.''''' New Microbiol''. 20:89-91</ref>
{{Learning
{{Learning
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
{{CABI source
|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=68580&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 porcine adenoviruses] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=68588&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 porcine adenovirus infection]
|date =16 June 2011
}}
<br><br>
{{Mandy Nevel
|date = 09 September 2011
}}
{{OpenPages}}
[[Category:To Do - CABI review]]
[[Category:Adenoviridae]]
[[Category:Gastric Diseases - Pig]][[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Pig]]
[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Pig]]
[[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Pig]]
[[Category:Pig Viruses]]
[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]