Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators
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[[Image:Iv_injections.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Intravenous blood sampling(Copyright © RVC)]]
+==Introduction==
The sites for obtaining blood samples in snakes include the ventral tail vein, the palatine vein and cardiocentesis. Restraint is by gentle, careful handling or by chemical means. Asepsis is extremely important during blood collection and the site of collection should be prepared as if for surgery. Prior to collection it is important to have all materials and equipment ready: cotton wool, antiseptic (chlorhexidine or a povidone-iodine detergent), needle and syringe of suitable sizes, and the blood handling materials.
The sites for obtaining blood samples in snakes include the ventral tail vein, the palatine vein and cardiocentesis. Restraint is by gentle, careful handling or by chemical means. Asepsis is extremely important during blood collection and the site of collection should be prepared as if for surgery. Prior to collection it is important to have all materials and equipment ready: cotton wool, antiseptic (chlorhexidine or a povidone-iodine detergent), needle and syringe of suitable sizes, and the blood handling materials.
==Ventral tail vein==
==Ventral tail vein==
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*The palatine veins can be visible when the mouth is open.
*The palatine veins can be visible when the mouth is open.
*Care is necessary in restraint and haemorrhage must be considered. This can be controlled by applying pressure with a cotton-tipped applicator that has been adrenalinised.
*Care is necessary in restraint and haemorrhage must be considered. This can be controlled by applying pressure with a cotton-tipped applicator that has been adrenalinised.
−[[Image:Take_blood.jpg|350px|thumb|right|(Copyright © RVC)]]
+[[Image:Take_blood.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Cardiocentesis (Copyright © RVC)]]
==Cardiocentesis==
==Cardiocentesis==
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==Use of anticoagulants==
==Use of anticoagulants==
−EDTA may be suitable for some species but, as a general rule, use lithium heparin for haematology since EDTA lyses erythrocytes of some species of reptiles. Blood films are best made with fresh blood without an anticoagulant immediately following collection and then air-dried. Heparin creates a blue tinge to blood films and causes clumping of the thrombocytes and leukocytes whereas those made from blood without anticoagulant give superior cellular morphology.
+EDTA may be suitable for some species but, as a general rule it is recommended to use lithium heparin for haematology since EDTA lyses erythrocytes of some species of reptiles. Blood films are best made with fresh blood without an anticoagulant, immediately following collection, and then air-dried. Heparin creates a blue tinge to blood films and causes clumping of the thrombocytes and leukocytes whereas those made from blood without anticoagulant give superior cellular morphology.
−[[Category:Snake Specimen Collection]]
+{{Learning
+|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?start=0&q=((title:(snake)+OR+ab:(snake)+OR+od:(snakes)))+AND+((title:(cardiocentesis)+OR+title:(blood+sampling)+OR+title:(blood+collection))) Snake Blood Collection publications]
+|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2006/20063121835.pdf ''' Intravascular access options in reptiles: what's reasonable?''' Mosley, C. A. E.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Volume 20, Orlando, Florida, USA, 7-11 January, 2006, 2006, pp 1654-1655]
+}}
+{{review}}
+[[Category:Snake Diagnostics|B]]