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− | {{review}}
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− | |linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Pathology
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− | |linktext =Cardiorespiratory System
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− | |maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Pathology
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− | |pagetype =Pathology
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− | |sublink1=Respiratory System - Pathology
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− | |subtext1=RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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| ==Invasion of respiratory system== | | ==Invasion of respiratory system== |
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| **Maxillary sinus opening very large - 'maxillary recess' | | **Maxillary sinus opening very large - 'maxillary recess' |
| ***Maxillary sinus infections very uncommon in carnivores | | ***Maxillary sinus infections very uncommon in carnivores |
− | **Highly developed in [[Equine Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology|horses]] | + | **Highly developed in [[Alimentary System - Horse Anatomy|horses]] |
| **Slit-like, high openings in horses | | **Slit-like, high openings in horses |
| **Predisposed to bacterial infections | | **Predisposed to bacterial infections |
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| ===Trachea=== | | ===Trachea=== |
| [[Image:Trachea epithelium.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Epithelium of trachea (Courtesy of RVC Histology Images)</center></small>]] | | [[Image:Trachea epithelium.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Epithelium of trachea (Courtesy of RVC Histology Images)</center></small>]] |
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| *Most domestic animals - pseudostratified epithelium, ciliated, non-ciliated and mucous cells | | *Most domestic animals - pseudostratified epithelium, ciliated, non-ciliated and mucous cells |
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| **Coughing | | **Coughing |
| **Bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) covered by M cells (microfold cells) where there is professional APC and lymphocytes trafficking. | | **Bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) covered by M cells (microfold cells) where there is professional APC and lymphocytes trafficking. |
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| *The lung receives half of the cardiac output and must rapidly exchange gases with this large blood volume through a vast alveolar membranous surface | | *The lung receives half of the cardiac output and must rapidly exchange gases with this large blood volume through a vast alveolar membranous surface |
− | *This makes the lung vulnerable to circulatory disturbances, most notably [[Lungs Circulatory - Pathology#Pulmonary oedema|pulmonary oedema]] | + | *This makes the lung vulnerable to circulatory disturbances, most notably [[Pulmonary Oedema|pulmonary oedema]] |
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| *Normally, mechanisms are in place to protect the lung from the entry of circulatory fluid into alveolar spaces | | *Normally, mechanisms are in place to protect the lung from the entry of circulatory fluid into alveolar spaces |
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| *The net effect is that liquid moves from the alveolar interstitum towards lymphatics in the fascia and then the hilus of the lung and mediastinum | | *The net effect is that liquid moves from the alveolar interstitum towards lymphatics in the fascia and then the hilus of the lung and mediastinum |
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| *Sneezing | | *Sneezing |
| *Coughing | | *Coughing |
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| + | [[Category:Respiratory System - Pathology|A]] |