Changes

{{review}}

{{OpenPagesTop}}

== Introduction  ==

== Introduction  ==

[[Image:Pyogranulomatous lungs due to Rhodococcus Equi.jpg|thumb|right|200px|<small><center>Pyogranulomatous lesions due to Rhodococcus equi (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]  

[[Image:Pyogranulomatous lungs due to Rhodococcus Equi.jpg|thumb|right|200px|<small><center>Pyogranulomatous lesions due to ''Rhodococcus equi'' (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]  

''Rhodococcus equi'' is a gram-positive aerobic, intracellular, saprophyte found worldwide in the soil and in the intestinal tract of animals. It replicates at warm temperatures in soils contaminated by faeces of herbivores and is an opportunistic respiratory pathogen of foals under 6 months causing suppurative [[Bronchopneumonia|bronchoneumonia]].  

''Rhodococcus equi'' is a Gram-positive aerobic, intracellular, saprophyte found worldwide in the soil and in the intestinal tract of animals. It replicates at warm temperatures in soils contaminated by faeces of herbivores and is an opportunistic respiratory pathogen of foals under 6 months causing suppurative [[Bronchopneumonia|bronchoneumonia]].  

Pastures can become heavily contaminated leading to outbreaks of the disease. The organism can be present in the faeces of adult horses and also healthy foals, without causing clinical disease. Transmission can be via inhalation of dust contaminated with ''R. equi''.

Pastures can become heavily contaminated leading to outbreaks of the disease. The organism can be present in the faeces of adult horses and also healthy foals, without causing clinical disease. Transmission can be via inhalation of dust contaminated with ''R. equi''.

Control measures include preventing build-up of bacteria in environment by removing manure from pastures often and rotating foals and mares onto clean pastures regularly. Dusty conditions in paddocks should be avoided. In sickly looking foals, hyperimmune serum from the dam may be given to the foal in the first month of life. 

Control measures include preventing build-up of bacteria in environment by removing manure from pastures often and rotating foals and mares onto clean pastures regularly. Dusty conditions in paddocks should be avoided. In sickly looking foals, hyperimmune serum from the dam may be given to the foal in the first month of life. 

== Literature Search  ==

 

|flashcards = [[Equine Internal Medicine Q&A 17]]

[[Image:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]  

|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2010/20103095411.pdf '''''Rhodococcus equi'' infection in horses: an overview.''' Rajesh Agrawal; Nishi Pande; Rajesh Katoch; Anish Yadav; Ajitpal Singh; Veterinary Practitioner, c/o Dr. A. K. Gahlot, Bikaner, India, Veterinary Practitioner, 2009, 10, 2, pp 187-188, 16 ref.]  

 

<br> Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation). <br><br><br> [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2010/20103095411.pdf '''''Rhodococcus equi'' infection in horses: an overview.''' Rajesh Agrawal; Nishi Pande; Rajesh Katoch; Anish Yadav; Ajitpal Singh; Veterinary Practitioner, c/o Dr. A. K. Gahlot, Bikaner, India, Veterinary Practitioner, 2009, 10, 2, pp 187-188, 16 ref. - '''Full text article''']  

[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2008/20083097718.pdf '''Review of the epidemiology and ecology of ''Rhodococcus equi.''''' Muscatello, G.; Lowe, J. M.; Flash, M. L.; McBride, K. L.; Browning, G. F.; Gilkerson, J. R.; Green, E. M.&nbsp;; American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP), Lexington, USA, Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, Orlando, Florida, USA, 1-5 December, 2007, 2007, pp 214-217, 27 ref. - '''Full text article''']

[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2008/20083097718.pdf '''Review of the epidemiology and ecology of ''Rhodococcus equi.''''' Muscatello, G.; Lowe, J. M.; Flash, M. L.; McBride, K. L.; Browning, G. F.; Gilkerson, J. R.; Green, E. M.&nbsp;; American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP), Lexington, USA, Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, Orlando, Florida, USA, 1-5 December, 2007, 2007, pp 214-217, 27 ref.]

== References  ==

== References  ==

:[http://elib.tiho-hannover.de/dissertations/heyersp_ss05.html Comparison of the detection of Rhodococcus equi by microbiological culture and the polymerase chain reaction in tracheobronchial fluid from foals]

:[http://elib.tiho-hannover.de/dissertations/heyersp_ss05.html Comparison of the detection of Rhodococcus equi by microbiological culture and the polymerase chain reaction in tracheobronchial fluid from foals]

Althaus, O.P., (2004) Sonographie der Lunge: Eine Hilfe zur Früherkennung der Rhodococcus equi-Pneumonie beim Fohlen, Diss. Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover

Brown, C.M, Bertone, J.J. (2002)''' The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult- Equine''', Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins ''Blackwell''

Brown, C.M, Bertone, J.J. (2002) The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult- Equine', Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins

Kerth, R., (2005) '''Untersuchung der Wirksamkeit von Tulathromycin bei der Behandlung von Lungenabszessen bei Fohlen,''''' Diss. Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover''

Kerth, R., (2005) Untersuchung der Wirksamkeit von Tulathromycin bei der Behandlung von Lungenabszessen bei Fohlen, Diss. Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover

Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders''

Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) Equine Internal Medicine (Third Edition), Saunders.

Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M, Sellon, D.C. (2004) '''Equine Internal Medicine '''(Second Edition) ''Saunders''

Robinson, N.E., Sprayberry, K.A. (2009) '''Current Therapy in Equine Medicine''' (Sixth Edition) ''Saunders Elsevier''

 

Robinson, N.E., Sprayberry, K.A. (2009) Current Therapy in Equine Medicine (Sixth Edition) Saunders Elsevier

 

[[Category:Bacteria_miscellaneous]] [[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]] [[Category:Cocci]] [[Category:Rods]] [[Category:Horse_Bacteria]] [[Category:Expert_Review]] [[Category:Respiratory_Bacterial_Infections]] [[Category:Respiratory_Diseases_-_Horse]]

[[Category:Bacteria_miscellaneous]] [[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]] [[Category:Cocci]] [[Category:Rods]] [[Category:Horse_Bacteria]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Horse]] [[Category:Respiratory_Bacterial_Infections]] [[Category:Respiratory_Diseases_-_Horse]]