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| + | <big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> |
| − | ==Introduction==
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| − | The [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] is the chamber connecting the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]], [[Nasal Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]], [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] and [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]. The [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx and [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal pharynx]] which all have different functions, innervation and develop differently. The oropharynx is the oral section of the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]].
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| − | [[Image:Pharynx Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Pharynx Labelled - Copyright C.Clarkson and T.F.Fletcher University of Minnesota]]
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| − | ==Structure and Function==
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| − | The last molar borders rostrally and the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Epiglottis|epiglottis]] caudally. The [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] borders ventrally and the [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] dorsally. It is derived from endoderm.
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| − | The oropharynx is innervated by the '''glossopharyngeal nerve''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]). It is divided by the '''glossopalatine arch''' from the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal pharynx]].
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| − | ==Histology==
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| − | The oropharynx has a '''stratified squamous epithelium'''. It is keratinised in ruminants. The '''lamina propria''' contains aggregates of lymphoid tissue (called tonsils) in several parts of the oropharynx.
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| − | ==Musculature==
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| − | '''Constrictors'''
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| − | The constrictor muscles include the '''hyopharyngeus''', '''thyropharyngeus''' and '''cricopharyngeus'''.
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| − | '''Dilators'''
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| − | The dilator muscle is the '''stylopharyngeus'''.
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| − | The '''pterygopharyngeus''' muscle shortens the oropharynx and the '''palatopharyngeus''' muscle closes the pharyngeal arch.
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| − | ==Innervation==
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| − | Muscles from the pharyngeal arch are innervated by the '''vagus nerve''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). The stylopharyngeus from the pharyngeal arch is innervated by the '''glossopharyngeal nerve''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]).
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| − | {{Template:Learning
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| − | |quiz = [[Oropharyngeal anatomy]]
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| − | |flashcards = [[Oropharynx Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards]]
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| − | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Illustration/ill50412.asp Oropharynx Stick injury]
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| − | }}
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| − | {{OpenPages}}
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| − | [[Category:Oral Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology]]
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