Difference between revisions of "Management of Items Contaminated by Urine or Faeces"

From WikiVet English
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(18 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
[[Housesoiling - Cat|House-soiling]] and [[Indoor Marking - Cat|indoor marking]] can begin for a number of reasons, but, once a pattern of behaviour has been established, it may continue purely because the cat can detect the trace smell of urine or faeces. This is particularly true in cases of indoor urine marking. Removing these odours is essential in order to stop the problem. Given that ongoing damage to property may motivate clients to re-home or euthanise cats it is important to provide information that will help clients to protect their property.
+
[[Housesoiling - Cat|House-soiling]] and [[Indoor Marking - Cat|indoor marking]] can begin for a number of reasons but, in some cases it continues purely because the cat can detect the trace smell of urine or faeces. Removing these odours is essential to stop the problem.
  
 
==Removing Urine or Faeces Contamination==
 
==Removing Urine or Faeces Contamination==
A widely used method of cleaning sites that have been contaminated with urine and faeces is as follows:<br>
+
The best way to remove odours from existing sites is as follows:
:Make up 3 sprayer bottles, labelled 1, 2, and 3:
 
:* '''Sprayer bottle 1''': A solution of biological clothes washing powder, or liquid, in water (approximately 1 part of powder/liquid cleaner to 10 parts of water)
 
:* '''Sprayer bottle 2''': Plain water
 
:* '''Sprayer bottle 3''': Surgical spirit (clear surgical spirit, not coloured methylated spirit)
 
  
It is best not to use a cloth to clean sites, because this will quickly become contaminated and then acts to transfer odour rather than remove it. Paper kitchen towel is the best option. The spray bottles and towel should be kept in a dedicated bucket to avoid leaving scent marks where they have been placed on the floor. Having this cleaning kit makes it easier for clients to clean up, and also acts as a reminder that they should look for urine marks and attend to them as quickly as possible.<br>
+
Make up 3 sprayer bottles, labelled 1, 2, and 3. They should be filled in accordance with the following instructions:
 +
1: A solution of biological clothes washing powder or liquid in water (approximately 1 part of powder/liquid cleaner to 10 parts of water)
 +
2: Plain water
 +
3: Surgical spirit (clear surgical spirit, not coloured methylated spirit)
  
'''Each soiled site should be cleaned in the following way:'''
+
Paper kitchen towel is best to clean with because reusable cloths tend to spread the scent. The spray bottles and towel should be kept in a bucket to avoid leaving scent marks where they have been placed on the floor.
 +
 
 +
Each soiled site should be cleaned in the following way:
 
* Use paper towel to remove any urine and faeces. Dispose of the towel.
 
* Use paper towel to remove any urine and faeces. Dispose of the towel.
* Spray the site with bottle 1 and then wipe clean with paper towel. Dispose of the paper towel. Repeat until there is no visible residue of urine or faeces.
+
* Spray the area with bottle 1 and then wipe clean with paper towel. Dispose of the paper towel.
* Spray the site with bottle 2, wipe clean and mop dry with paper towel. Dispose of the paper towel.
+
* Spray with bottle 2, wipe clean and mop dry with paper towel. Dispose of the paper towel.
* Spray the site with bottle 3, gently wipe clean and allow to dry completely before allowing the cat to have access to the place that has been cleaned.<br>
+
* Spray with bottle 3, and allow to dry completely before allowing the cat into this area.
 
 
The biological cleaning solution in bottle 2 is used because the enzymatic agents in washing powder/liquid is very effective at breaking down proteins and fats that form components of the chemical signals deposited by cats. Surgical spirit helps to remove remaining traces of odour and chemicals.
 
To prevent any inadvertent damage to surfaces, this cleaning method should be tested on a small and inconspicuous area of the wallpaper, carpet or fabric. Any curtains or furniture covers that can be removed should be washed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.<br>
 
 
 
Scented products and those containing ammonia should not be used to clean up spray marks because they may intensify urine odours and leave an objectionable smell that encourages over-marking.<br>
 
  
Carpets that are going to remain should be repeatedly cleaned with a carpet shampooing machine to remove all traces of contamination. It may take several attempts to completely clean a carpet, and to prevent new urine and faeces being deposited during the cleaning process, specific areas of carpet can be protected by covering them with heavy polythene sheeting.
+
To prevent any inadvertent damage to surfaces, the cleaning method should be tested on a small and inconspicuous area of the carpet or fabric. Any curtains or furniture covers that can be removed should be washed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
  
'''Frequency of Cleaning''':<br>
+
Scented products and those containing ammonia should not be used to clean up spray marks because they may intensify urine odours and leave an objectionable smell that encourages over-marking.
The owner should draw a diagram of all of the sites in the house where urine and faeces have been found. At the start of treatment the client should be instructed to clean all sites in a single day, and then repeat this within 2-3 days. A single round of cleaning is not enough to remove all scent, but two house-wide thorough cleaning sessions will usually be enough to substantially reduce odours. This increases the likelihood that other scent-based methods, such as the use of synthetic [[Pheromonotherapy - Cat|pheromones]], will be likely to be effective.<br>
 
  
Owners should then continue to check and clean all sites at least on a weekly basis until no urine or faeces have been deposited for several weeks. New deposits should be cleaned immediately, using the same method.
+
'''Frequency of cleaning''':<br>
 +
Urine odours will continue to accumulate because one round of cleaning will never be enough to remove all of the odour. Each spot should therefore be cleaned several times each week, until it has not been soiled at all for at least 3 weeks. This will remove all odours and reduce the chance of further soiling if the cat has a relapse.
  
 
==Protecting Property from Urine Damage==
 
==Protecting Property from Urine Damage==
  
 
'''Wooden floors''':<br>
 
'''Wooden floors''':<br>
To prevent the ingress of urine, any gaps, joints and junctions between flooring, skirting boards and fitted furniture (such as kitchen or bedroom units) should be sealed with a suitable waterproof sealant (e.g. silicone sealant). The same applies to joints between panels of laminated flooring (urine ingress will cause panels to expand and pop up). Wooden and laminated floors should be painted with several coats of varnish or damp-sealant paint. If possible, the painted or varnished area should be extended to over-paint the sealant and thus create a complete barrier.
+
Any joints and junctions between flooring and skirting boards or fitted furniture (kitchen units) should be sealed with a silicone or an appropriate waterproof sealant to prevent urine from getting into cracks. The same applies to joints between panels of laminated flooring (urine ingress will cause panels to expand and pop up). Wooden floors should be pained with two or more coats of a heavy varnish or damp-sealant paint. If possible, the painted or varnished area should be extended to over-paint the sealant and thus create a complete barrier.
  
 
'''Concrete floors''':<br>
 
'''Concrete floors''':<br>
Concrete floor shoud be cleaned and allowed to dry. Any cracks should be sealed and several coats of waterproofing paint should then be applied.
+
Concrete floor shoud be cleaned and allowed to dry. Any cracks should be sealed as for wooden floors above. Several coats of waterproofing paint should then be applied.
  
 
'''Vinyl floors''':<br>
 
'''Vinyl floors''':<br>
Line 44: Line 40:
  
 
'''Carpets''':<br>
 
'''Carpets''':<br>
In areas that have been repeatedly soiled with urine, the flooring under a carpet can become heavily contaminated. Installing a replacement carpet will not prevent odours from old urine contamination from coming through. Before fitting new carpet, the flooring underneath should be cleaned and sealed. Applying a layer of heavy polythene sheeting underneath the carpet or underlay can help to prevent urine from future deposits seeping into the floor. This facilitates cleaning and also prevents urine odours returning from old urine deposits.
+
Before fitting new carpet, the flooring underneath should be cleaned and sealed as above. Applying a layer of heavy plastic sheeting beneath the carpet or underlay to prevent urine from seeping into the floor may be beneficial. Existing carpets can be protected by covering them with heavy plastic sheeting and then cleaning the carpet underneath at least 2-3 times weekly until no further urine odour persists.
  
'''Wooden items''':<br>
+
'''Wooden furniture''':<br>
Wooden items, such as furniture or staircases that have been targeted should be protected to prevent urine penetration. Varnish is the best option, but this is not suitable for all furniture, and repeated application of a wax finish is an alternative (not spray polish).
+
Where possible, appliction of two or more coats of varnish, especially under wooden feet of furniture, will stop urine absorption into wood grain. If this is not possible, regular applications of a heavy wax furniture polish is a good alternative.  
  
'''Electrical and electronic equipment''':<br>
+
'''Computers and electronic equipment''':<br>
Marking or soiling on electrical equipment can cause fires and electrical failures. It may be preferable, for safety reasons, to have contaminated equipment professionally inspected and cleaned. Cooking equipment, such as toasters, that cannot be cleaned thoroughly should be disposed of, because they represent a health hazard. Equipment that is only used occasionally should be stored in a cupboard or under plastic sheeting (switched off). Plastic sheeting may also be used to protect equipment such as televisions, CD/DVD players and audio equipment that is close to ground level and has previously been targeted for spray marking, but this should take into account the equipment's need for proper ventilation (to avoid fire due to heat build up).
+
Urine marking or soiling on electrical equipment is a serious health hazard: it can cause fires and electrical failures. Any soiled equipment should be disconnected from the electricity outlet and cleaned carefully in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and dried thoroughly. Any cooking equipment that is impossible to clean thoroughly (e.g. old toasters) should be disposed of, because these represent a health hazard. Equipment currently not in use can be protected by storing in in a cupboard or under plastic sheeting (remembering the need for some equipment to be properly ventilated).
  
 
'''Electrical outlets''':<br>
 
'''Electrical outlets''':<br>
To prevent urine from entering sockets and causing an electrical failure, sockets that have been targeted for spray marking can be protected by taping a hanging flap of polythene over the socket, or by installing child proof socket guards.
+
Urine entering a wall socket can cause a fire or shock hazard, so access to the location should be restricted. As an additional protection, outlets can be covered with cling-film or a large flap of polythene hanging down over the socket, taped to the wall above it or alternatively using child proof plug guards.
 +
 
 +
==Altering Spraying Sites to Make Them Unattractive to the Cat==
  
<br><br>
+
* Placing small bowls of food close to the marking location and combining this with an increase in the overall number of feeding stations throughout the house
{{Jon Bowen written
+
* Using plastic or aluminium foil sheets to cover flooring around the spray site, as some cats will not tread on this
|date = July 4, 2014
+
* Positioning a scratching post in front of the site to provide an alternative method of marking
}}
 
  
{{Ceva}}
 
{{OpenPages}}
 
  
  
 
[[Category:Feline Housesoiling]]
 
[[Category:Feline Housesoiling]]
 
[[Category:Feline Behaviour Management]]
 
[[Category:Feline Behaviour Management]]
 +
[[Category:JBowen prereview]]

Revision as of 15:39, 26 June 2014

Introduction

House-soiling and indoor marking can begin for a number of reasons but, in some cases it continues purely because the cat can detect the trace smell of urine or faeces. Removing these odours is essential to stop the problem.

Removing Urine or Faeces Contamination

The best way to remove odours from existing sites is as follows:

Make up 3 sprayer bottles, labelled 1, 2, and 3. They should be filled in accordance with the following instructions: 1: A solution of biological clothes washing powder or liquid in water (approximately 1 part of powder/liquid cleaner to 10 parts of water) 2: Plain water 3: Surgical spirit (clear surgical spirit, not coloured methylated spirit)

Paper kitchen towel is best to clean with because reusable cloths tend to spread the scent. The spray bottles and towel should be kept in a bucket to avoid leaving scent marks where they have been placed on the floor.

Each soiled site should be cleaned in the following way:

  • Use paper towel to remove any urine and faeces. Dispose of the towel.
  • Spray the area with bottle 1 and then wipe clean with paper towel. Dispose of the paper towel.
  • Spray with bottle 2, wipe clean and mop dry with paper towel. Dispose of the paper towel.
  • Spray with bottle 3, and allow to dry completely before allowing the cat into this area.

To prevent any inadvertent damage to surfaces, the cleaning method should be tested on a small and inconspicuous area of the carpet or fabric. Any curtains or furniture covers that can be removed should be washed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Scented products and those containing ammonia should not be used to clean up spray marks because they may intensify urine odours and leave an objectionable smell that encourages over-marking.

Frequency of cleaning:
Urine odours will continue to accumulate because one round of cleaning will never be enough to remove all of the odour. Each spot should therefore be cleaned several times each week, until it has not been soiled at all for at least 3 weeks. This will remove all odours and reduce the chance of further soiling if the cat has a relapse.

Protecting Property from Urine Damage

Wooden floors:
Any joints and junctions between flooring and skirting boards or fitted furniture (kitchen units) should be sealed with a silicone or an appropriate waterproof sealant to prevent urine from getting into cracks. The same applies to joints between panels of laminated flooring (urine ingress will cause panels to expand and pop up). Wooden floors should be pained with two or more coats of a heavy varnish or damp-sealant paint. If possible, the painted or varnished area should be extended to over-paint the sealant and thus create a complete barrier.

Concrete floors:
Concrete floor shoud be cleaned and allowed to dry. Any cracks should be sealed as for wooden floors above. Several coats of waterproofing paint should then be applied.

Vinyl floors:
Some vinyl floors are porous, especially if they are old, and may be sealed using specialist paints and coatings. Cracked vinyl flooring should be removed and replaced.

Tiled floors:
Glazed tiles are generally non-porous but grout between the tiles may absorb urine. Terracotta tiles are porous unless regularly sealed with a specialist coating. Specialist sealant on grout should be used. Scraping out old grout in heavily urine-contaminated areas and replacing it with new waterproof grout is recommended.

Carpets:
Before fitting new carpet, the flooring underneath should be cleaned and sealed as above. Applying a layer of heavy plastic sheeting beneath the carpet or underlay to prevent urine from seeping into the floor may be beneficial. Existing carpets can be protected by covering them with heavy plastic sheeting and then cleaning the carpet underneath at least 2-3 times weekly until no further urine odour persists.

Wooden furniture:
Where possible, appliction of two or more coats of varnish, especially under wooden feet of furniture, will stop urine absorption into wood grain. If this is not possible, regular applications of a heavy wax furniture polish is a good alternative.

Computers and electronic equipment:
Urine marking or soiling on electrical equipment is a serious health hazard: it can cause fires and electrical failures. Any soiled equipment should be disconnected from the electricity outlet and cleaned carefully in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and dried thoroughly. Any cooking equipment that is impossible to clean thoroughly (e.g. old toasters) should be disposed of, because these represent a health hazard. Equipment currently not in use can be protected by storing in in a cupboard or under plastic sheeting (remembering the need for some equipment to be properly ventilated).

Electrical outlets:
Urine entering a wall socket can cause a fire or shock hazard, so access to the location should be restricted. As an additional protection, outlets can be covered with cling-film or a large flap of polythene hanging down over the socket, taped to the wall above it or alternatively using child proof plug guards.

Altering Spraying Sites to Make Them Unattractive to the Cat

  • Placing small bowls of food close to the marking location and combining this with an increase in the overall number of feeding stations throughout the house
  • Using plastic or aluminium foil sheets to cover flooring around the spray site, as some cats will not tread on this
  • Positioning a scratching post in front of the site to provide an alternative method of marking