Difference between revisions of "Placenta Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology"
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| + | <big><center>[[Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> | ||
| − | The Placenta is a hugely important endocrine organ, producing many [ | + | <big><center>[[Reproductive System|'''BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> |
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| + | The Placenta is a hugely important endocrine organ, producing many [Endocrine System - Hormones - Anatomy & Physiology|hormones]] which affect the status of pregnancy and the maternal physiology. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" | ||
| − | |+ ''Hormones of the | + | |+ ''Hormones of the Testes'' |
!Hormone | !Hormone | ||
!Production and Regulation | !Production and Regulation | ||
!Action | !Action | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Prostaglandin F2a | + | |<font color=Purple>Prostaglandin F2a</font> |
|Produced towards the end of pregnancy in increasing amounts to allow for parturition. | |Produced towards the end of pregnancy in increasing amounts to allow for parturition. | ||
|Causes luteolysis and promotes uterine contractions. | |Causes luteolysis and promotes uterine contractions. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Progesterone | + | |<font color=Purple>Progesterone</font> |
|The Placenta takes over Progesterone production from the Corpus Luteum to maintain the pregnancy. | |The Placenta takes over Progesterone production from the Corpus Luteum to maintain the pregnancy. | ||
|Maintains the pregnancy by thickening the cervix, depressing the maternal immune response and preventing ovulation. It also promotes mammary growth. | |Maintains the pregnancy by thickening the cervix, depressing the maternal immune response and preventing ovulation. It also promotes mammary growth. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Oestrogen | + | |<font color=Purple>Oestrogen<font> |
|Oestrogen levels rise throughout pregnancy as the placenta grows. | |Oestrogen levels rise throughout pregnancy as the placenta grows. | ||
| − | |Stimulate the growth of the myometrium, promote mammary development and suppress gonadotrophin release from the [[Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|pituitary gland]]. | + | |Stimulate the growth of the myometrium, promote mammary development and suppress gonadotrophin release from the [[Endocrine System - Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|pituitary gland]]. |
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| − | |Placental Lactogen | + | |<font color=Purple>Placental Lactogen<font> |
| − | |This is related to [[Lactation - Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology|Prolactin]] and [[Pituitary Growth Hormone - Anatomy & Physiology|Growth hormone]], and is produced by the placenta and uterus. | + | |This is related to [[Lactation - Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology|Prolactin]] and [[Endocrine System - Pituitary Growth Hormone - Anatomy & Physiology|Growth hormone]], and is produced by the placenta and uterus. |
|Promotes growth and differentiation of mammary tissue. Identified in primates, ruminants and rodents. | |Promotes growth and differentiation of mammary tissue. Identified in primates, ruminants and rodents. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) | + | |<font color=Purple>Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG)<font> |
|This is produced by foetal trophoblast cells, and is actually the same molecule as equine LH. | |This is produced by foetal trophoblast cells, and is actually the same molecule as equine LH. | ||
| − | |Prevents luteal regression and is thus the signal for [ | + | |Prevents luteal regression and is thus the signal for [Female Reproductive Tract -Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy - Anatomy & Physiology|Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy]] in equids. |
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| − | |Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) | + | |<font color=Purple>Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)<font> |
|This is produced by foetal trophoblast cells. | |This is produced by foetal trophoblast cells. | ||
| − | |Prevents luteal regression and is thus the signal for [[Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy - Anatomy & Physiology|Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy]] in primates. | + | |Prevents luteal regression and is thus the signal for [[Female Reproductive Tract -Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy - Anatomy & Physiology|Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy]] in primates. |
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Revision as of 11:59, 3 July 2008
The Placenta is a hugely important endocrine organ, producing many [Endocrine System - Hormones - Anatomy & Physiology|hormones]] which affect the status of pregnancy and the maternal physiology.
| Hormone | Production and Regulation | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Prostaglandin F2a | Produced towards the end of pregnancy in increasing amounts to allow for parturition. | Causes luteolysis and promotes uterine contractions. |
| Progesterone | The Placenta takes over Progesterone production from the Corpus Luteum to maintain the pregnancy. | Maintains the pregnancy by thickening the cervix, depressing the maternal immune response and preventing ovulation. It also promotes mammary growth. |
| Oestrogen | Oestrogen levels rise throughout pregnancy as the placenta grows. | Stimulate the growth of the myometrium, promote mammary development and suppress gonadotrophin release from the pituitary gland. |
| Placental Lactogen | This is related to Prolactin and Growth hormone, and is produced by the placenta and uterus. | Promotes growth and differentiation of mammary tissue. Identified in primates, ruminants and rodents. |
| Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) | This is produced by foetal trophoblast cells, and is actually the same molecule as equine LH. | Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy]] in equids. |
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) | This is produced by foetal trophoblast cells. | Prevents luteal regression and is thus the signal for Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in primates. |