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− | ==Mounting== | + | == Mounting == |
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− | [[Image:Reproductive Behaviour mounting.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Mounting Behaviour</p><sup> Copyright Nottingham University 2008.</sup>]]
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| * Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female. | | * Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female. |
| * Learned behaviour | | * Learned behaviour |
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| + | == Intromission == |
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− | == Intromission==
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− | * Successful entrance of the penis into the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]].
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− | ----
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| == Ejaculation == | | == Ejaculation == |
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− | [[Image:Site of Sperm Deposition.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Summary Table showing Ejaculate Characteristics of Various Species</p><sup> Copyright Nottingham University 2008.</sup>]]
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− | * The reflex expulsion of spermatozoa and seminal plasma from the male reproductive tract.
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− | * Sensory stimulation, primarily to the glans penis causes a series of coordinated muscular contractions.
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− | * Once intromission has been achieved, reflex impulses are initiated.
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− | ** Neural impulses derived mainly from sensory nerves in the '''glans penis'''.
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− | * Upon threshold stimulation, impulses are transmitted from the glans penis by the '''internal pudendal nerve''' to the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord.
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− | * Sensory impulses result in firing of nerves in the '''spinal cord'''.
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− | * Forcing of semen into the '''urethra''' by nerves in the '''hypogastric plexus''' innervating target muscles.
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− | ** '''Urethralis''' muscle
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− | ** '''Ischiocavernosus''' muscle
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− | ** '''Bulbospongiosus''' muscle
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− | * '''Emission''' and ejaculation
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− | ** Emission is the movement of seminal fluids from the [[Accessory_Sex_Glands_- Anatomy & Physiology|accessory sex glands]] into the pelvic urethra so that they can mix with spermatozoa.
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− | ** Emission occurs before and during ejaculation.
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− | ----
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− | ==Species Differences==
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− | {| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
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− | !'''Species'''
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− | !'''Ram'''
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− | !'''Bull'''
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− | !'''Stallion'''
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− | !'''Boar'''
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− | |-
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− | | '''Duration of Copulation'''
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− | | 1-2 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp)
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− | | 1-3 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp)
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− | | 20-60 seconds (Multiple Pelvic Thrusts,Flagging,Followed by Innactive Phase)
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− | | 5-20 minutes (Rapid Pelvic Thrusting to Engage Penis in Cervix) When Penis is Engaged,Thrusting Stops and Ejaculation Commences
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− | |-
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− | | '''Volume of Ejaculate (ml)'''
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− | | 0.8-1.0
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− | | 3-5
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− | | 75-120
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− | | 200-250
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− | |-
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− | | '''Site of Semen Deposition'''
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− | | External Cervical Os
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− | | Fornix Vagina
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− | | External Cervical Os, but Semen Enters Uterus at High Pressure
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− | | Cervix and Uterus
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− | |-
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− | | '''Average Numbers of Ejaculations to Satiation'''
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− | | 10
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− | | 20
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− | | 3
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− | | 3
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− | |-
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− | | Maximum Number of Ejaculations to Exhaustion (Refractory Period)
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− | | 30-40
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− | | 60-80
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− | | 20
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− | | 8
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− | |-
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− | |}
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− | === [[Dog Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Dog]] ===
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− | ----
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− | === [[Cat Copulatory_Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Cat]] ===
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− | ----
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− | === [[Gerbil Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Gerbil]] ===
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− | ----
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− | [[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]
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− | [[Category:Bullet Points]]
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