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| − | == Tactile Stimulation ==
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| − | * Tactile stimuli from males is important in provoking sexual postures or standing postures by females.
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| − | ** Stallion: Bites the neck or withers of the mare
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| − | ** Tom: Bites the neck of the Queen
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| − | ** Bull: Chin rests on the back of the cow just prior to mounting
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| − | == [[Vomeronasal Organ]]==
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| − | * Vomeronasal organ is an '''accessory olfactory''' organ.
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| − | * Connected to two small openings in the anterior roof of the mouth just behind the upper [[Lips|lip]].
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| − | * Fluid-borne, less volatile chemicals enter the vomeronasal organ through the [[Alimentary_- Anatomy & Physiology#Oral_Cavity|oral cavity]] by means of nasopalatine (incisive) ducts.
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| − | == Flehmen Response ==
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| − | [[Image:Flehmen Response.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>The Flehmen Response'</p><sup> Courtesy of Anna Schultz.</sup>]]
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| − | [[Image:Flehmen Response Horse.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>The Flehmen Response in the Horse</p><sup> Courtesy of Anna Schultz.</sup>]]
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| − | * Some [[Attractivity Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Pheramones|pheromones]] are less volatile and need to be detected by the '''vomeronasal organ'''.
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| − | ** Bull, ram, stallion, some extent the boar.
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| − | * Male closely approaches the source of [[Attractivity Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Pheramones|pheromones]] and will nuzzle the female genital region.
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| − | * Flehmen behaviour is characterized by:
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| − | ** Head elevation
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| − | ** Curling of the upper [[Lips|lip]].
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| − | * Curling of the upper [[Lips|lip]] closes the '''nostrils''' and allows negative pressure to form in the '''nasopalatine duct'''.
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| − | * Flehmen behaviour allows less volatile pheromones to be examined by sensory neurons in the '''vomeronasal organ'''.
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| − | * As in the males, females will display flehmen to novel compounds such as fluids associated with the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]], newborn animals and other volatile materials.
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| − | * Frequently displayed by post-parturient females as they make identity discriminations between their own versus other's neonates.
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| | == Courtship == | | == Courtship == |
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| | | '''Courtship Behaviour''' | | | '''Courtship Behaviour''' |
| − | | Nuzzling & licking of perineal region, chin resting, testing for lordosis | + | | Nuzzling & Licking of Perineal Region,Chin Resting,Testing for Lordosis |
| | | High Degree of Excitement | | | High Degree of Excitement |
| | | Neck Outstretched,Head held Horizontally | | | Neck Outstretched,Head held Horizontally |
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| | == Sexual Arousal == | | == Sexual Arousal == |
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| − | {| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
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| − | !'''Species'''
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| − | !'''Bull'''
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| − | !'''Stallion'''
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| − | !'''Ram'''
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| − | !'''Boar'''
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| − | !'''Dog'''
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| − | !'''Tom'''
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| − | | '''Consummation Behaviour'''
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| − | | Penile Protrusion,Dribbling of Seminal Fluid with few Spermatozoa,Erection,Attempted Mounts
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| − | | Penile Protrusion,No Preejaculatory Expulsion of Seminal Fluid
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| − | | Repeated Dorsal Elevation of Scrotum,Penile Protrusion,Dribbling of Seminal Fluid
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| − | | Penile Protrusion,Shallow Pelvic Thrusts, Attempted Mounting
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| − | | Erection,Protrusion of Penis,Mounting
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| − | | Mounting
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | == [[Erection - Anatomy & Physiology|Erection]] == | + | == ::[[Reproductive Behaviour - Erection - Anatomy & Physiology|Erection]] == |
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| − | [[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]
| + | == Penile Protrusion == |
| − | [[Category:Bullet Points]]
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