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→Epidemiology
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− +{{toplink+<br>+==Recognition==
−[[Image:Giardia cysts.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia'' cysts from gerbil faecea - H.D.A. Lindquist, U.S. EPA]]
−*Flagellate protozoa+*Found in the intestine of humans+*Associated with chronic [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]]+*Found in both wild and domestic animals+*15-20μm long
−*Pear-shaped
−*8 flagella
−**6 flagellae are free
−*Large adhesive discs to hold onto intestinal mucosa
−==Life Cycle==
+*Faecal examination+**Cysts need to be distinguished from pollen grains and yeasts+
−*Cysts excretion is intermittent
−**Faeces need to be collected over a 3 day period
−
−*Cysts are '''heavy'''
−**Needs higher density floatation fluids
−**Do not float well in saturated sodium chloride solution
−
−*Immunoassays
−**Detecting cyst antigen in faeces
−
−
−*Sanitation and hygiene
−**Minimise risk of human infection
−
−*Boil (or sterilise through other means) drinking water in regions of the world where drinking water may be contmainated
−
−*Avoid uncooked foodstuffs
−**Contaminated by washing
−*[[Ectoparasiticides|Drug Treatments]]
−**Metronidazole
−***Flagyl, Torgyl
−**Fenbendazole
−***Panacur
−*[[Vaccines - WikiBlood|Vaccination]]+**Killed trophozoites+**Availbale in the USA for cats and dogs+**Decreases the excretion and viability of cysts
−**Decreases environmental pressure
{{review}}
+{{Taxobox
−|name =Giardia
−|kingdom =Protista
−|backcolour =
+|sub-kingdom =Biciliata
−|linkpage =Parasites
+|phylum =Metamonada
−|linktext =PARASITES
+|super-class =Eopharyngea
−|pagetype=Bugs
+|class =Trepomonadea
−|sublink1=Protozoa
+|sub-class =Diplozoa
−|subtext1=PROTOZOA
+|super-order =
+|order =Giardiida
+|sub-order =
+|super-family =
+|family =Diplomonadidae
+|sub-family =
+|genus =Giardia
+|species =
}}
}}
−[[Image:Giardia lamblia life cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia lamblia life cycle'' - Wikimedia Commons]]
−[[Image:Giardia lamblia life cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia lamblia'' life cycle - Wikimedia Commons]]
[[Image:Giardia lamblia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia lamblia'' - Janice Carr]]
[[Image:Giardia lamblia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia lamblia'' - Janice Carr]]
[[Image:Giardia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
[[Image:Giardia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
−[[Image:Giardia cyst.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia'' cyst - Courtesy of the Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine]]
+==Overview==
+These protozoan parasite are found in humans as well as wild and domestic animals. They are a common cause of severe [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] as part of the clinical symptoms [[Giardiasis|giardiasis]].
−==Recognition==
−''Giardia spp.'' are flagellate protozoa with 8 flagella, 6 of which emerge from the body and are used in motility. They are 15-20μm long, pear shaped with a flat ventral surface. The most unique feature of this protozoa is the presence of a large adhesive disk in the flat surface that is used for attaching to the intestinal mucosa.
−==Life Cycle==
−*Simple and direct
*Simple and direct
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==Pathogenesis==
==Pathogenesis==
−*Commonest cause of protozoal [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] of man in the UK
+*Commonest cause of protozoal [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] of man in the UK
*Common in domesticated animals
*Common in domesticated animals
*Infections often asymptomatic in domestic animals
*Infections often asymptomatic in domestic animals
−**Can cause cillous atrophy leading to malabsorption
+**Can cause villous atrophy leading to malabsorption
**Infection can persist for weeks to months if not treated
**Infection can persist for weeks to months if not treated
==Epidemiology==
==Epidemiology==
−*Infection via direct oral-faecal route or through contaminated water source (water-bourne)
+*Infection via direct oral-faecal route or through contaminated water source (water-borne)
*Wild animals may act as a source of infection for humans
*Wild animals may act as a source of infection for humans
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***Some subspecies are zoonotic
***Some subspecies are zoonotic
−==Diagnosis==
+{{Learning
−|flashcards = [[Giardia_Flashcards|Giardia Flashcards]]
−|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=protozoa Protozoa]
−}}
−==Control and Treatment==
−{{unfinished}}
−[[Category:Miscellaneous_Protozoa]]
−[[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]]
−