Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Factor deficiencies are often the result of congenital deficiency in one or more of the coagulation factors. Deficiencies lead to ineffective blood clotting and development of a disease syndrome characterized by excessive bleeding - deficiencies are often detected following trauma or surgery. Occasionally bleeding may be spontaneous (e.g. into alimentary or urinary tracts). Deficiencies are often seen as familial inherited problems. Haemophilia (factor VIII deficiency) is probably the best understood condition.

Factor deficiencies are often the result of congenital deficiency in one or more of the coagulation factors. Deficiencies lead to ineffective blood clotting and development of a disease syndrome characterized by excessive bleeding - deficiencies are often detected following trauma or surgery. Occasionally bleeding may be spontaneous (e.g. into alimentary or urinary tracts). Deficiencies are often seen as familial inherited problems. Haemophilia (factor VIII deficiency) is probably the best understood condition.

==Factor VIII ==

==Factor VIII ==

Factor VIII is known as antihaemophilic factor (AHF); a deficiency of this factor causes 'haemophilia A'. In haemophilic conditions:

Factor VIII is known as antihaemophilic factor (AHF); a deficiency of this factor causes '''haemophilia A'''. In haemophilic conditions:

*The primary thrombocyte plug is abnormal with more vascular channels than usual and less fibrin-collagen contact around the edges.   

*The primary thrombocyte plug is abnormal with more vascular channels than usual and less fibrin-collagen contact around the edges.   

*Plugs are therefore easily dislodged which results in rebleeding.

*Plugs are therefore easily dislodged which results in rebleeding.

Haemophilia is reported in horses and in around 20 breeds of dogs - it is known to be a sex-linked recessive condition associated with the X chromosome which affects only males.  

Haemophilia is reported in horses and in around 20 breeds of dogs - it is known to be a sex-linked recessive condition associated with the X chromosome which affects only males.  

The severity of the disease correlates with the Factor VIII levels. Haematomas and haemarthrosis are common lesions.

The severity of the disease correlates with the Factor VIII levels. Haematomas and haemarthrosis are commonly seen as a result of this condition.

==Factor IX ==

==Factor IX ==

 

Factor IX is 'Christmas Factor' and deficiency causes '''haemophilia B'''. This occurs presominantly in Cairn Terriers and Black and Tan Hounds. It is similar to Factor VIII deficiency; a sex-linked (X chromosome) recessive that results in a deficient haemostatic plug.

* Factor IX is Christmas Factor.

* Deficiency causes '''haemophilia B'''.

** Seen in Cairn Terriers and Black and Tan Hounds.

** A sex-linked (X chromosome) recessive.

** Results in a deficient haemostatic plug.

*** Similar to Factor VIII deficiency.

==Factor XI==

==Factor XI==

 

Factor XI is an antecedent to plasma Thromboplastin. Deficiencies have been reported in the cow, and reduced levels have been reported in the horse.

* Factore XI is Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent.

* Deficiency has been reported in a cow, and reduced levels in the horse.

==Factor XII==

==Factor XII==

* Factor XII is Hageman Factor.

{{Learning |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/equis/Content/Disease/Dis01342.asp Coagulation Defects]}}

* Low plasma levels had been reported in cats and horses.

[[Category:Coagulation Defects]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Cat]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Horse]]

[[Category:Coagulation Defects]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Horse]]

[[Category:Haemorrhagic Diseases]]

[[Category:Haemorrhagic Diseases]]

[[Category:To Do - James]]

[[Category:Cardiology Section]]