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== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

[[Image:enamal-hypoplasia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small>Enamal (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))<center></center></small>]]

[[Image:enamal-hypoplasia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small>Enamal (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))<center></center></small>]]

This condition is a consequence of abnormalities occurring during the period of tooth eruption. It involves damage to [[Enamel Organ#Ameloblasts|ameloblasts]] (which form [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]]) in utero, which upsets permanent incisor formation. The [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]] is marked by pits and lines etc.  

This condition is a consequence of abnormalities occurring during the period of [[Tooth Eruption|tooth eruption]]. It involves damage to [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Ameloblasts|ameloblasts]] (which form [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]]) in utero, which upsets permanent incisor formation. The [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] is marked by pits and lines etc.

 

In ruminants, damage to [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] formation is most often caused by fluoride poisoning and is seen in cattle grazing on pasture contaminated by cement works effluent.

In ruminants, damage to [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]] formation is most often caused by fluoride poisoning and is seen in cattle grazing on pasture contaminated by cement works effluent.

In dogs, hypoplasia may occur following a [[Canine Distemper Virus]] (CDV) infection during tooth development. This is a very severe systemic disease seen early in life or in utero in dogs. For more small animal specific information please see [[Tooth Developmental Problems#Enamel Dysplasia|Enamel Dysplasia]]

In dogs, hypoplasia may occur following a [[Canine Distemper Virus]] (CDV) infection during tooth development. This is a very severe systemic disease seen early in life or in utero in dogs.

Hypoplasia may also occur in single teeth following damage to the permanent tooth germ, for example if a deciduous tooth is fractured or extracted without care. The damaged ameloblasts will fail to form enamel and abnormalities will be evident.

== Clinical Signs ==

== Clinical Signs ==

In ruminants, one will see a chalky mottling and yellow brown pitting of the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]], due to enamel hypoplasia. There is usually no difficulty in mastication detected and the animal is clinically well.

In ruminants, one will see a chalky mottling and yellow brown pitting of the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]], due to enamel hypoplasia. There is usually no difficulty in mastication detected and the animal is clinically well.

In dogs, CDV causing enamel hypoplasia, may result in severe discoloration or pitting of teeth due to effect on [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]] formation.  

In dogs, enamel hypoplasia may result in severe discoloration or pitting of a tooth or teeth due to the effect on [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] formation.  

== Diagnosis ==

== Diagnosis ==

== Treatment and Control ==

== Treatment and Control ==

There is no treatment for this condition. Control measures are prevention of the causes of the disease, e.g. vaccination against CDV and prevention of fluoride poisoning in cattle.

There is no treatment for this condition. Control measures are prevention of the causes of the disease, e.g. vaccination against CDV and prevention of fluoride poisoning in cattle.

== References ==

== References ==

Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry''' (3rd Edition), ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association.''

Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry''' (3rd Edition), ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association.''

 

Williams, A (2008) '''Alimentary System Study Guide,''''' Royal Veterinary College.''

Williams, A (2008) '''Alimentary System Study Guide,''''' Royal Veterinary College.''

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[[Category:Teeth - Degenerative Pathology]]

[[Category:Teeth - Degenerative Pathology]]

[[Category:Oral Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category:Dental Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Dental Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category:Expert_Review]].

[[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]]