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Leukopoiesis (view source)

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==Granulopoiesis==
 
==Granulopoiesis==
 
All granulocytes develop from the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-GEMM]] cells.
 
All granulocytes develop from the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-GEMM]] cells.
 +
 
===Summary of pathways===
 
===Summary of pathways===
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<div style="text-align: center;">
   
{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" align="left"
 
{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" align="left"
 
|
 
|
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!Basophil
 
!Basophil
 
!Eosinophil
 
!Eosinophil
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|rowspan="10"|<p>[[Image:LH_Developing_granulocytes_Histology.jpg|200px|Developing granulocytes]]</p><sup>©RVC 2008</sup>
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| rowspan="10" |<p>[[Image:LH_Developing_granulocytes_Histology.jpg|200px|Developing granulocytes]]</p><sup>©RVC 2008</sup>
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Stem cell
 
!Stem cell
−
|colspan="4"|CFU-GEMM
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| colspan="4" |CFU-GEMM
 
|-
 
|-
 
!CFU
 
!CFU
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|CFU-Eo
 
|CFU-Eo
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Factors
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!Cytokines
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|<p>GM-CSF</p><p>Il-3</p><p>M-CSF</p>
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|<p>GM-CSF</p><p>IL-3</p><p>M-CSF</p>
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|<p>GM-CSF</p><p>Il-3</p><p>G-CSF</p>
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|<p>GM-CSF</p><p>IL-3</p><p>G-CSF</p>
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|valign="top"|<p>GM-CSF</p><p>Il-3</p>
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| valign="top" |<p>GM-CSF</p><p>IL-3</p>
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|<p>GM-CSF</p><p>Il-3</p><p>Il-5</p>
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|<p>GM-CSF</p><p>IL-3</p><p>IL-5</p>
 
|-
 
|-
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!Rowspan="6"|Stages
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! rowspan="6" |Stages
 
|Monoblast
 
|Monoblast
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|colspan="3"|Myelocyte
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| colspan="3" |Myelocyte
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Promonocyte
 
|Promonocyte
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|colspan="3"|Promyelocyte
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| colspan="3" |Promyelocyte
 
|-
 
|-
−
|rowspan="4"|Monocyte
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| rowspan="4" |Monocyte
 
|Neutrophilic Myelocyte
 
|Neutrophilic Myelocyte
 
|Basophilic Myelocyte
 
|Basophilic Myelocyte
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|-
 
|-
 
|Neutrophilic Metamyelocyte
 
|Neutrophilic Metamyelocyte
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|rowspan="2"|Basophilic Metamyelocyte
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| rowspan="2" |Basophilic Metamyelocyte
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|rowspan="2"|Eosinophilic Metamyelocyte
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| rowspan="2" |Eosinophilic Metamyelocyte
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Band Cell
 
|Band Cell
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|Eosinophil
 
|Eosinophil
 
|}
 
|}
−
</div>
   
<Br clear="left">
 
<Br clear="left">
    
==Neutrophils==
 
==Neutrophils==
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Under the stimulation of GM-CSF, G-CSF and Il-3 the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-GEMM]] differentiates into the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-GM]], the common precursor for both neutrophils and monocytes. This then further differentiates into [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-G]].
+
Under the stimulation of [[Cytokines|cytokines]] GM-CSF, G-CSF and IL-3 the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-GEMM]] differentiates into the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-GM]], the common precursor for both neutrophils and monocytes. This then further differentiates into [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-G]].
 
===Stages:===
 
===Stages:===
 
====Myeloblast====
 
====Myeloblast====
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==Basophils==
 
==Basophils==
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Under the stimulation of GM-CSF and Il-3, the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-GEMM]] differentiates into [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-Ba]].
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Under the stimulation of GM-CSF and IL-3, the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-GEMM]] differentiates into [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-Ba]].
 
===Stages:===
 
===Stages:===
 
====Myeloblast & Promyelocyte====
 
====Myeloblast & Promyelocyte====
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==Eosinophils==
 
==Eosinophils==
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Under the stimulation of GM-CSF, Il-3 and Il-5 the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-GEMM]] differentiates into the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-Eo]].
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Under the stimulation of GM-CSF, IL-3 and IL-5 the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-GEMM]] differentiates into the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-Eo]].
 
===Stages:===
 
===Stages:===
 
====Myeloblast & Promyelocyte====
 
====Myeloblast & Promyelocyte====
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Specific granules start to appear in the myelocyte stage and once the cell has reached the metamyelocyte stage it cannot undergo further mitosis.
 
Specific granules start to appear in the myelocyte stage and once the cell has reached the metamyelocyte stage it cannot undergo further mitosis.
 
====Eosinophil====
 
====Eosinophil====
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Mature cell has a bilobed nucleus.
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Mature cell has a bilobed nucleus. There are species specific variations in granule size once stained.
 
<br>
 
<br>
    
==Monocytes==
 
==Monocytes==
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[[Monocytes|Monocytes]] develop from the same precursor as [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-GM]]. This then differentiates into the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-M]] under the influence of GM-CSF, IL-3 and M-CSF.
+
Monocytes develop from the same precursor as neutrophils - the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-GM]]. This then differentiates into the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-M]] under the influence of GM-CSF, IL-3 and M-CSF.
 
===Stages:===
 
===Stages:===
 
====Monoblast====
 
====Monoblast====
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First stage after cell has differentiated into the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-M]].
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This is the first stage after cell has differentiated into the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-M]].
 
====Promonocyte====
 
====Promonocyte====
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Cell has a large nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm and consists of two populations:- One rapidly dividing and the other slowly dividing (acting as a reservoir).
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Cell has a large nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm and consists of two populations:- One rapidly dividing and the other slowly dividing, which acts as a reservoir.
 
====Monocyte====
 
====Monocyte====
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Monocytes are incapable of mitosis and enter circulation. They have a large kidney shaped nucleus with a slightly basophilic cytoplasm.
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Monocytes are incapable of mitosis and enter the circulation. They have a large kidney shaped nucleus with a slightly basophilic cytoplasm, which is often vacuolated.
 +
 
 
====Macrophage====
 
====Macrophage====
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Once the monocyte has entered tissue it differentiates into a [[Macrophages|macrophage]].
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Once the monocyte has entered tissue it differentiates into a macrophage.
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===Dendritic cells===
 
===Dendritic cells===
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Develop from the monoblast under the stimualtion of GM-CSF and IL-4 into an immature dendritic cell. This then develops into the mature dendritic cell under stimulation of TNF-α.
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These develop from the monoblast under the stimualtion of GM-CSF and IL-4 into an immature dendritic cell. This then develops into the mature [[T_cell_differentiation#Dendritic_Cells|dendritic cell]] under stimulation of TNF-α.
 
<br>
 
<br>
    
==Lymphopoiesis==
 
==Lymphopoiesis==
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<p>[[Lymphocytes - Introduction|Lymphocytes]] develop from the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-L]]'s. Those destined to become [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]] leave the [[Bone Marrow - Anatomy & Physiology|bone marrow]] and migrate to the [[Thymus - Anatomy & Physiology|thymus]], and those destined to be [[Lymphocytes#B cells|B cells]] migrate to the [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]] and GALT or proliferate directly from the [[Bone Marrow - Anatomy & Physiology|bone marrow]].</p><p>Follow these links for a more detailed explanation on [[T cell differentiation|T cell development]] and [[B cell differentiation |B cell development]].</p>
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[[Lymphocytes - Introduction|Lymphocytes]] develop from the [[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Colony Forming Units|CFU-L]]'s. Those destined to become [[T cells]] leave the [[Bone Marrow - Anatomy & Physiology|bone marrow]] and migrate to the [[Thymus - Anatomy & Physiology|thymus]], and those destined to be [[B cells]] migrate to the [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]] and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) or proliferate directly from the bone marrow.
 
{|cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" border="1"  
 
{|cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" border="1"  
 
|
 
|
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|colspan="4"|CFU-L
 
|colspan="4"|CFU-L
 
|-align="center"
 
|-align="center"
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|style="background-color:#ffffcc"|<sup>▼Il-7 & Il-11</sup>
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|style="background-color:#ffffcc"|<sup>▼IL-7 & IL-11</sup>
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|colspan="3" style="background-color:#e6e6fa"|<sup>▼Il-7 & SCF</sup>
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|colspan="3" style="background-color:#e6e6fa"|<sup>▼IL-7 & SCF</sup>
 
|-align="center"
 
|-align="center"
 
|style="background-color:#ffffcc"|B lymphoid cell progenitor
 
|style="background-color:#ffffcc"|B lymphoid cell progenitor
 
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#e6e6fa"|T lymphoid cell progenitor
 
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#e6e6fa"|T lymphoid cell progenitor
 
|-align="center"
 
|-align="center"
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|style="background-color:#ffffcc"|<sup>▼Il-3 & Il-7</sup>
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|style="background-color:#ffffcc"|<sup>▼IL-3 & IL-7</sup>
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|style="background-color:#e6e6fa"|<sup>▼Il-7</sup>
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|style="background-color:#e6e6fa"|<sup>▼IL-7</sup>
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|style="background-color:#e6e6fa"|<sup>▼Il-2, IL-12 & Il-18</sup>
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|style="background-color:#e6e6fa"|<sup>▼IL-2, IL-12 & IL-18</sup>
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|style="background-color:#e6e6fa"|<sup>▼Il-3, Il-6, GM-CSF & SCF</sup>
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|style="background-color:#e6e6fa"|<sup>▼IL-3, IL-6, GM-CSF & SCF</sup>
 
|-align="center"
 
|-align="center"
 
|style="background-color:#ffffcc"|Pre-B cell
 
|style="background-color:#ffffcc"|Pre-B cell
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|}
 
|}
 
<p>'''Note:'''
 
<p>'''Note:'''
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*That between the 'pre-[type] cell' stage and the final mature all the lymphocytes are referred to as 'immature [type] cells'.  
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*Between the 'pre-[type] cell' stage and the final mature all the lymphocytes are referred to as 'immature [type] cells'.  
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* T cell differentiation into it's different forms (helper, cytotoxic and T cell with regulator functions) is under stimulation by Il-10 & TNF-γ</p>
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* T cell differentiation into helper, cytotoxic and T cells with regulator functions is induced by IL-10 & TNF-γ
 
[[Category:Haematopoiesis]]
 
[[Category:Haematopoiesis]]
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