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Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
The hyoid apparatus holds the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] in place and supports the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] from the skull.
The hyoid apparatus holds the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] in place and supports the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] from the skull. It is made up of 5 different bones, which vary in length and size depending on the species.
[[Image:Hyoid Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Hyoid Apparatus in situ - Copyright Nottingham]]
==Structure and Function==
==Structure and Function==
It is attached to the temporal region of the skull by a [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Cartilaginous Joints|synchondrosis joint]]. It is palpable through the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and is visible when the pharynx is viewed through the mouth. The basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space.
The '''sternohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid caudally and the '''geniohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid rostrally.
[[Image:Hyoid Bones.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Hyoid Apparatus Drawing - Copyright nabrown]]
==The hyoid bones==
'''1. Basihyoid''' - Unpaired bone.
'''2. Stylohyoid''' - Articulates with base of skull at the petrus temporal. A paired bone.
'''3. Epihyoid''' - A paired bone.
'''4. Keratohyoid''' - A paired bone.
'''5. Thyrohyoid''' - Articulates with the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Cartilage|thyroid cartilage]] of the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]. A paired bone.
==Species Differences==
[[Image:Canine Hyoid.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Canine hyoid apparatus - Copyright Nottingham]]
===Carnivores===
===Carnivores===
Stylohyoid bones are not palpable.
===Equine===
===Equine===
Epihyoid is small, the lingual process is present and they have a well developed stylohyoid muscle.
===Ruminants===
Lingual process is present.
===Porcine===
===Porcine===
==Test yourself with the Hyoid Apparatus Flashcards==
Lingual process is present.
{{Template:Learning
|flashcards = [[Hyoid Apparatus - Musculoskeletal - Flashcards|Hyoid apparatus anatomy]]
|videos = [[Video: Ventral muscles of the head potcast|Ventral muscles of the head potcast]]<br>[[Video: Hyoid apparatus potcast|Hyoid apparatus potcast]]
}}
[[Hyoid Apparatus - Musculoskeletal - Flashcards|Hyoid Apparatus Flashcards]]
==Webinars==
<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/gastroenterology-and-nutrition/webinars/feed</rss>
[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
[[Category:A&P Done]]