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==Introduction==

==Introduction==

The general anatomy of the hoof can be found [[Hoof - Anatomy & Physiology|here]].  The following section will focus on the equine hoof specifics.

The general anatomy of the hoof can be found [[Hoof - Anatomy & Physiology|here]].  The following section will focus on the equine hoof specifics.

 

The hoof encloses the corium (dermis), digital cushion, [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]] , [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Distal Interphalangeal (Coffin) Joint|distal interphalangeal]] (coffin) joint, the distal aspect of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]] , [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Sesamoid (Navicular) Bone|distal sesamoid]] (navicular) bone, ligaments and the insertion points of the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]] and [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|deep digital flexor tendon]].  

The hoof encloses the corium (dermis), digital cushion, [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]] , [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Distal Interphalangeal (Coffin) Joint|distal interphalangeal]] (coffin) joint, the distal aspect of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]] , [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Sesamoid (Navicular) Bone|distal sesamoid]] (navicular) bone, ligaments and the insertion points of the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]] and [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|deep digital flexor tendon]].  

===Sole===

===Sole===

The '''sole''' is the area distal to the bars and apex of the frog enclosed by the hoof wall. The area where the bars and wall enclose it is known as the '''angle of the sole'''. Since the sole is slightly concave, the majority of the horse's weight is transferred through the margin of the sole.

The '''sole''' is the area distal to the bars and apex of the frog enclosed by the hoof wall. The area where the bars and wall enclose it is known as the '''angle of the sole'''. Since the sole is slightly concave, the majority of the horse's weight is transferred through the margin of the sole.

== Deeper Structures of the Hoof==

== Deeper Structures of the Hoof==

The ungual cartilages have a series of five ligaments going to the medial/lateral surfaces of the three phalanges and [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Sesamoid (Navicular) Bone|distal sesamoid]](navicular) bone. A short ligament extends from the dorsal aspect to the dorsal surface of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]].  A thin elastic fibre extends from the proximal aspect to the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]]. Several short fibres attach from the distal part of the cartilages to the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]]. Another ligament extends from the dorsal region of the cartilages to the insertion point of the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|deep digital flexor tendon]]. Finally, an extension of the collateral sesamoidean ligament attaches them to the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Sesamoid (Navicular) Bone|navicular bone]].

The ungual cartilages have a series of five ligaments going to the medial/lateral surfaces of the three phalanges and [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Sesamoid (Navicular) Bone|distal sesamoid]](navicular) bone. A short ligament extends from the dorsal aspect to the dorsal surface of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]].  A thin elastic fibre extends from the proximal aspect to the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]]. Several short fibres attach from the distal part of the cartilages to the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]]. Another ligament extends from the dorsal region of the cartilages to the insertion point of the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|deep digital flexor tendon]]. Finally, an extension of the collateral sesamoidean ligament attaches them to the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Sesamoid (Navicular) Bone|navicular bone]].

 

[[image: X-section through hoof.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A X-section through a typical hoof. ©Rachael Wallace2008]]

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[[Category:To Do - AP Review]]

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