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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
[[Image:Transfixing ligature diagram.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Diagrammatic representation of placement of transfixing ligature around common vaginal tunic. (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]]
[[Image:Transfixing ligature diagram.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Diagrammatic representation of placement of transfixing ligature around common vaginal tunic. (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]]
[[Image:Ligate castration donkey.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Ligate around vaginal tunic (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]]
[[Image:Ligate castration donkey.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Ligate around vaginal tunic (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]]
[[Image:Emasculate donkey.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Emasculate distal to ligature (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]]
[[Image:Emasculate donkey.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Emasculate distal to ligature (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]]
Castration in the donkey is complicated by the '''small size''' of the patient necessitating '''general anaesthesia''', and the need for '''ligation of the spermatic cord'''. In addition, a wide range of ages may be presented for castration. At [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary] the range can be from 6 months to 29 years. There are also a number of donkey owners who request castration of foals only a few days old.
Castration in the donkey is complicated by the '''small size''' of the patient necessitating '''general anaesthesia''', and the need for '''ligation of the spermatic cord'''. In addition, a wide range of ages may be presented for castration. At [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary] the range can be from 6 months to 29 years. There are also a number of donkey owners who request castration of foals only a few days old.
In theory, '''castration of the very young donkey''' can easily be done under sedation and local anaesthetic, with an assistant holding the foal. In practice, one must bear in mind the stress of the procedure, and perform a full work-up including measurement of IgG before attempting castration. Unless the conditions are very clean there is the risk of the foal succumbing to neonatal sepsis after surgery.
In theory, '''castration of the very young donkey''' can easily be done under sedation and local anaesthetic, with an assistant holding the foal. In practice, one must bear in mind the stress of the procedure, and perform a full work-up including measurement of [[IgG]] before attempting castration. Unless the conditions are very clean there is the risk of the foal succumbing to neonatal sepsis after surgery.
'''Castration of the mature adult donkey''' can be complicated by the presence of '''excess fat''' within the scrotum and inguinal region. Surgery at this late age is unlikely to remove behavioural problems associated with stallion-like tendencies.
'''Castration of the mature adult donkey''' can be complicated by the presence of '''excess fat''' within the scrotum and inguinal region. Surgery at this late age is unlikely to remove behavioural problems associated with stallion-like tendencies.
'''Infection''' can be superficial and easily dealt with, or deeper, leading to involvement of the vaginal tunic and scirrhous cord. Any suspicion of infection should be promptly investigated under sedation using a gloved hand. Local superficial infection is best dealt with by enlarging the incision sites to improve drainage, combined with cleaning with povidine–iodine and a course of [[Antibiotics|antibiotic treatment]]. If infection is within the vaginal tunic, repeat surgery is required to resect all affected tissue and this may need to be combined with scrotal ablation if the scrotal tissue is also oedematous and infected.
'''Infection''' can be superficial and easily dealt with, or deeper, leading to involvement of the vaginal tunic and scirrhous cord. Any suspicion of infection should be promptly investigated under sedation using a gloved hand. Local superficial infection is best dealt with by enlarging the incision sites to improve drainage, combined with cleaning with povidine–iodine and a course of [[Antibiotics|antibiotic treatment]]. If infection is within the vaginal tunic, repeat surgery is required to resect all affected tissue and this may need to be combined with scrotal ablation if the scrotal tissue is also oedematous and infected.
==[[Nursing Care - Donkey|Nursing Care]]==
Donkey stallions need firm, confident handling. They can be very strong and may require a bit in the mouth when being led. Be aware that they may bite!
The stable door should be high enough so that they cannot see over or attempt to jump it. Some stallions can become very excited by the sight of other equines.
Castration is generally performed under general anaesthetic.
Post-operatively the '''bed should be kept as clean as possible''' to help avoid infection. The donkey should receive '''daily exercise''' to help prevent and reduce swelling. If he leads well and is not too strong he can be exercised in hand.
If he is turned out, ensure the field is well fenced and there are no other equines in sight. Vigorous exercise the day after surgery should be avoided as it may promote haemorrhage.
<big>
'''[[Media:Guide to Donkey Castration.pdf|Castration Fact Sheet]]
</big>
{{Learning
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=od%3A%28donkeys%29+AND+subject%3A%28castration%29 Donkey castration publications]
|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2006/20063124709.pdf '''Complications of castration.''' Adams, S. B.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Large animal. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Volume 20, Orlando, Florida, USA, 7-11 January, 2006, 2006, pp 72-73, 3 ref.]
}}
==References==
==References==
* Dabinett, S. (2008) Nursing care In Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Chapter 18
* Thiemann, A. (2008) Surgery In Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Chapter 16
* Thiemann, A. (2008) Surgery In Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Chapter 16
* Du Preeze, P.M. (1999). ‘Castration - update on techniques’. ''Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the British Equine Veterinary Association,''Newmarket, p 137.
* Du Preeze, P.M. (1999). ‘Castration - update on techniques’. ''Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the British Equine Veterinary Association,''Newmarket, p 137.
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[[Category:Donkey]]
[[Category:Surgery_-_Donkey]][[Category:Reproduction - Donkey]]
[[Category:Nursing_Care_-_Donkey]]