Changes

Evaluation of breeding soundness is performed similarly to the stallion. Testicular size, semen volume and total sperm per ejaculate in the jack are significantly higher than in stallions (Tibary ''et al'', 2005). Testicular ultrasonography is characterized by a large central vein and more prominent ''caput'' and ''cauda epididymis''. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the accessory sex glands is similar to that of the stallion.

Evaluation of breeding soundness is performed similarly to the stallion. Testicular size, semen volume and total sperm per ejaculate in the jack are significantly higher than in stallions (Tibary ''et al'', 2005). Testicular ultrasonography is characterized by a large central vein and more prominent ''caput'' and ''cauda epididymis''. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the accessory sex glands is similar to that of the stallion.

The effect of season (photoperiod and ambient temperature) on semen production, semen quality and libido has been investigated. '''Semen production and quality are higher during the peak of the breeding season''' but in most studies seasonal effects on these parameters are not very marked (Glatzel ''et al'', 1981; Roy ''et al'', 2003, 2004; Tibary ''et al'', 2005).

The effect of season (photoperiod and ambient temperature) on semen production, semen quality and libido has been investigated. '''Semen production and quality are higher during the peak of the breeding season''' but in most studies seasonal effects on these parameters are not very marked (Glatzel ''et al'', 1981; Roy ''et al'', 2003, 2004; Tibary ''et al'', 2005).

==References==

==References==

* Purdy, S.R. (2005b). ‘Ultrasound examination of the female miniature donkey reproductive tract’. in: ''Veterinary Care of Donkeys''. N.S. Matthews and T.S. Taylor (eds). International Veterinary information Service, Ithaca NY (www.ivis.org), last updated: 11 May 2005; A2925.0505.

* Purdy, S.R. (2005b). ‘Ultrasound examination of the female miniature donkey reproductive tract’. in: ''Veterinary Care of Donkeys''. N.S. Matthews and T.S. Taylor (eds). International Veterinary information Service, Ithaca NY (www.ivis.org), last updated: 11 May 2005; A2925.0505.

* Roy, A.K., Yadav, M.P. , and Sengar, O.P.S. (2003). ‘Effect of season on the physical characteristics of donkey (''Equus asinus'') semen’. ''Indian J. Anim. Sci.'' 73. pp 620-622.

* Roy, A.K., Yadav, M.P. , and Sengar, O.P.S. (2003). ‘Effect of season on the physical characteristics of donkey (''Equus asinus'') semen’. ''Indian J. Anim. Sci.'' 73. pp 620-622.

* Sghiri, A., Tibary, A., El Idrissi, R. (2006). ‘Behavioral response to imipramine/xylazine treatment in jackass’. Proceedings 9th World Equine Veterinary Congress, Marrakech, In Press.

* Sghiri, A., Tibary, A., El Idrissi, R. (2006). ‘Behavioral response to imipramine/xylazine treatment in jackass’. Proceedings 9th World Equine Veterinary Congress, Marrakech, In Press.

* Tibary, A., Bakkoury, M., Anouassi, A., and Sghiri, A. (2005). ‘Examen et évaluation de l’aptitude à la reproduction’. ''Reproduction Equine Tome II: L’ Etalon.'' A. Tibary, M. Bakkoury (eds). Actes Editions, IAV Hassan II, Maroc, 2005. pp 167-174.

* Tibary, A., Bakkoury, M., Anouassi, A., and Sghiri, A. (2005). ‘Examen et évaluation de l’aptitude à la reproduction’. ''Reproduction Equine Tome II: L’ Etalon.'' A. Tibary, M. Bakkoury (eds). Actes Editions, IAV Hassan II, Maroc, 2005. pp 167-174.

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