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====Chemical Peritonitis====

====Chemical Peritonitis====

Chemical peritonitis occurs when irritant fluids effuse or leak into the peritoneal cavity.  [[Biliary Tract - Rupture|Rupture of the biliary tract]] results in the leakage of '''bile''' into the abdomen.  Initially, this causes few clinical signs but over time, it irritates the visceral and parietal peritoneum and causes them to become inflamed.  If the biliary tract is infected at the time of rupture, a septic peritonitis may develop.  The parietal peritoneum and abdominal organs are typically stained green by the presence of bile.  An image of bile peritonitis in a cat is available [http://w3.vet.cornell.edu/nst/nst.asp?Fun=Image&imgID=3048 here].

Chemical peritonitis occurs when irritant fluids effuse or leak into the peritoneal cavity.  [[Biliary Tract Rupture|Rupture of the biliary tract]] results in the leakage of '''bile''' into the abdomen.  Initially, this causes few clinical signs but over time, it irritates the visceral and parietal peritoneum and causes them to become inflamed.  If the biliary tract is infected at the time of rupture, a septic peritonitis may develop.  The parietal peritoneum and abdominal organs are typically stained green by the presence of bile.  An image of bile peritonitis in a cat is available [http://w3.vet.cornell.edu/nst/nst.asp?Fun=Image&imgID=3048 here].

Rupture of the urinary tract causes '''urine''' to spill into the abdomen producing a '''uroabdomen'''.  As with bile, the urine irritates the peritoneum after 48-72 hours and causes inflammation but it is likely that the animal will show marked clinical signs of stranguria, anuria and depression before this time.  If the urinary tract is infected at the time of rupture, a septic peritonitis may develop.

Rupture of the urinary tract causes '''urine''' to spill into the abdomen producing a '''uroabdomen'''.  As with bile, the urine irritates the peritoneum after 48-72 hours and causes inflammation but it is likely that the animal will show marked clinical signs of stranguria, anuria and depression before this time.  If the urinary tract is infected at the time of rupture, a septic peritonitis may develop.

Peritonitis may occur due to traumatic or iatrogenic perforation of an abdominal organ, usually the [[Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]] or [[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]].  This produces an acute diffuse fibrinopurulent peritonitis or, in some cases, the inflammation may be confined to a smaller area of the peritoneal cavity by the exuberant formation of fibrous tissue.

Peritonitis may occur due to traumatic or iatrogenic perforation of an abdominal organ, usually the [[Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]] or [[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]].  This produces an acute diffuse fibrinopurulent peritonitis or, in some cases, the inflammation may be confined to a smaller area of the peritoneal cavity by the exuberant formation of fibrous tissue.

[[Traumatic Reticulitis|Traumatic reticuloperitonitis]] occurs when an ingested foreign body becomes lodged in the reticulum and subsequently perforates this organ.  This usually produces a localised peritonitis between the reticulum and diaphragm but, in severe cases and in cows around parturition, generalised inflammation may develop.  The foreign body me penetrate cranially through the diaphragm and into the pericardial sac.  Potential sequelae include acute haemorrhage due to penetration of the left gastro-epiploic artery and vagal indigestion.

[[Traumatic Reticulitis|Traumatic reticuloperitonitis]] occurs when an ingested foreign body becomes lodged in the reticulum and subsequently perforates this organ.  This usually produces a localised peritonitis between the reticulum and diaphragm but, in severe cases and in cows around parturition, generalised inflammation may develop.  The foreign body may penetrate cranially through the diaphragm and into the pericardial sac.  Potential sequelae include acute haemorrhage due to penetration of the left gastro-epiploic artery and vagal indigestion.

Local chronic peritonitis, abscesses containing usually ''[[Actinomyces pyogenes]]''

Local chronic peritonitis, abscesses containing usually ''[[Actinomyces pyogenes]]''

{{Learning

{{Learning

|flashcards = [[Cytology Q&A 15]]

|flashcards = [[Cytology Q&A 15]]

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[[Category:To_Do_-_Alimentary]][[Category:To Do - Major]] [[Category:Peritoneal_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Donkey]] [[Category:Peritoneal_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Alimentary_Diseases_-_Goat]] [[Category:Alimentary_Diseases_-_Pig]] [[Category:Alimentary_Diseases_-_Birds]] [[Category:Peritoneal_Cavity_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]] [[Category:Peritoneal_Cavity_Diseases_-_Horse]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Alimentary]][[Category:To Do - Major]] [[Category:Peritoneal_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Donkey]] [[Category:Peritoneal_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Alimentary_Diseases_-_Goat]] [[Category:Alimentary_Diseases_-_Pig]] [[Category:Alimentary_Diseases_-_Birds]] [[Category:Peritoneal_Cavity_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]] [[Category:Peritoneal_Cavity_Diseases_-_Horse]]