Changes

 

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

The hoof is defined from a physiologic perspective as the modified skin [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Epidermis|(epidermis)]] covering the tip of the digit and all enclosed structures. The hoof provides protection to the distal limb and is formed by keratinisation of the epithelial layer and modification of the underlying dermis. The keratin in the [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Epidermis|epidermis]], when thickened and cornified, is referred to as [[Horn - Anatomy & Physiology|horn]].  Horn makes up the outer surface if the hoof and is particularly resistant to mechanical and chemical damage.

The hoof is defined from a physiologic perspective as the modified skin [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Epidermis|(epidermis)]] covering the tip of the digit and all enclosed structures. The hoof provides protection to the distal limb and is formed by keratinisation of the epithelial layer and modification of the underlying dermis. The keratin in the [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Epidermis|epidermis]], when thickened and cornified, is referred to as [[Horn - Anatomy & Physiology|horn]].  Horn makes up the outer surface if the hoof and is particularly resistant to mechanical and chemical damage.

==Deeper structures of the foot==

==Deeper structures of the foot==

[[File:Horse_hoof_wild_bare_sagittal.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Saggital section through horse hoof.]]

[[File:Horse_hoof_wild_bare_sagittal.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Sagittal section through horse hoof.]]

Enclosed within the hoof capsule are the bony structures – the [[Phalanges_-_Horse_Anatomy#Distal_Phalanx|distal phalanx]], distal end of the [[Phalanges_-_Horse_Anatomy#Middle_Phalanx|middle phalanx]], the [[Joints_and_Ligaments_-_Horse_Anatomy#Distal_Interphalangeal_.28Coffin.29_Joint|distal interphalangeal joint]], and the [[Phalanges_-_Horse_Anatomy#Distal_Sesamoid_.28Navicular.29_Bone|distal sesamoid bone (navicular)]].  There are also soft tissue structures including ligaments, cartilage, the digital cushion and the insertions of the [[Tendons_-_Horse_Anatomy#Thoracic_Limb|common digital extensor tendon]] and the [[Tendons_-_Horse_Anatomy#Flexorsdeep|digital flexor tendon]].

Enclosed within the hoof capsule are the bony structures – the [[Phalanges_-_Horse_Anatomy#Distal_Phalanx|distal phalanx]], distal end of the [[Phalanges_-_Horse_Anatomy#Middle_Phalanx|middle phalanx]], the [[Joints_and_Ligaments_-_Horse_Anatomy#Distal_Interphalangeal_.28Coffin.29_Joint|distal interphalangeal joint]], and the [[Phalanges_-_Horse_Anatomy#Distal_Sesamoid_.28Navicular.29_Bone|distal sesamoid bone (navicular)]].  There are also soft tissue structures including ligaments, cartilage, the digital cushion and the insertions of the [[Tendons_-_Horse_Anatomy#Thoracic_Limb|common digital extensor tendon]] and the [[Tendons_-_Horse_Anatomy#Flexorsdeep|digital flexor tendon]].

}}

}}

 

{{review}}

{{review}}

[[Category:Integumentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]]

[[Category:Integumentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]]

[[Category:A&P Done]]

[[Category:A&P Done]]