Difference between revisions of "Oesophageal Groove"

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<big><center>[[Stomach and Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO THE STOMACHS OF THE RUMINANT''']]</center></big>
 
  
 
==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
  
The oesophageal groove is present in newborn ruminants. It is a channel taking milk from the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] into the [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]], [[The Omasum - Anatomy & Physiology|omasum]] and then [[The Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasum]], bypassing the [[The Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]].
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The oesophageal groove is present in newborn ruminants. It is a channel taking milk from the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] into the [[Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasum]], bypassing the [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]], [[Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]] and [[Omasum - Anatomy & Physiology|omasum]].
[[Image:Calf Suckling.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Calf suckling - Copyright David Monniaux]]
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[[Image:Calf Suckling.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Calf suckling'' <Br> David Monniaux 2005, WikiMedia Commons]]
==Histology==
 
 
 
*Floor of groove smooth and pale
 
 
 
*Stratified squamous epithelium
 
  
 
==Formation of the Groove==
 
==Formation of the Groove==
  
*Posture- lifting head to suckle
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The groove is formed by posture of the animal lifting its head to suckle. Calcium ions are obtained from the milk. A teat or teat-shaped experience aids the formation. The formation of the groove can be overridden, e.g. bucket feeding calves.
 
 
*Calcium ions from the milk
 
 
 
*Teat or teat-shaped experience
 
 
 
*The formation of the groove can be overridden, e.g. bucket feeding calves
 
  
 
==Groove Closure==
 
==Groove Closure==
  
*Unconditioned reflex when the animal is eager for milk
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It is an unconditioned reflex when the animal is eager for milk. Water consumption does not usually initiate groove closure. The age when the [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]] becomes fully functional and the oseophageal groove closes differs between ruminants; In calves 20 weeks, in lambs 8 weeks, in deer 16 weeks and in goats 12 weeks. It closes by reflex stimulation of the cranial laryngeal branch of the '''vagus nerve''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]) (takes 2-5 seconds). With time it becomes a conditioned reflex. The closure consists of two movements, the lips of the groove become firmly opposed and shorten and the lips become inverted and twisted around the axis of the right lip of the groove, drawing the reticular mucosa over the right lip.
  
*Water consumption does not usually iniatiate groove closure
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==Function in the Adult Ruminant==
  
*Age when the [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]] becomes fully functional and the oseophageal groove closes differs between ruminants
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The groove is stimulated in adult ruminants by ADH. The groove can also be closed in adult ruminants by the administration of drugs, e.g copper sulphate, which is of use to prevent drugs becoming diluted in the forechambers. Instead, it directs the drugs directly to the [[Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasum]].
**In calves 20 weeks
 
**In lambs 8 weeks
 
**In deer 16 weeks
 
**In goats 12 weeks
 
  
*Closes by reflex stimulation of the cranial laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN X]]) (takes 2-5 seconds)
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==Histology==
 
 
*With time becomes a conditioned reflex
 
 
 
*Closure consists of two movement
 
**Lips of the groove become firmly opposed and shorten
 
**Lips become inverted and twisted around the axis of the right lip of the groove, drawing the reticular mucosa over the right [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lip]]
 
 
 
==Function in the Adult Ruminant==
 
 
 
*The groove is stimulated in adult ruminants by ADH
 
  
*The groove can also be closed in adult ruminants by the administration of drugs, e.g copper sulphate, which is of use to prevent drugs becoming diluted in the forechambers. Instead, it directs the drugs directly to the [[The Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]].
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The floor of the groove is smooth and pale lined with stratified squamous epithelium.
  
==Links==
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{{Template:Learning
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|flashcards = [[Oesophageal Groove Flashcards]]
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|OVAM = [http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/goat-gastric-groove Image - Goat Oesophageal Groove]
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}}
  
[[The Stomachs of the Ruminant - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards#The Oesophageal Groove|The Oesophageal Groove Flashcards]]
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==Webinars==
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<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/herd-health/webinars/feed</rss>
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[[Category:Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology]]
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[[Category:A&P Done]]
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[[Category:Alimentary Anatomy - Cattle]]

Latest revision as of 14:45, 9 January 2023

Introduction

The oesophageal groove is present in newborn ruminants. It is a channel taking milk from the oesophagus into the abomasum, bypassing the rumen, reticulum and omasum.

Calf suckling
David Monniaux 2005, WikiMedia Commons

Formation of the Groove

The groove is formed by posture of the animal lifting its head to suckle. Calcium ions are obtained from the milk. A teat or teat-shaped experience aids the formation. The formation of the groove can be overridden, e.g. bucket feeding calves.

Groove Closure

It is an unconditioned reflex when the animal is eager for milk. Water consumption does not usually initiate groove closure. The age when the rumen becomes fully functional and the oseophageal groove closes differs between ruminants; In calves 20 weeks, in lambs 8 weeks, in deer 16 weeks and in goats 12 weeks. It closes by reflex stimulation of the cranial laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X) (takes 2-5 seconds). With time it becomes a conditioned reflex. The closure consists of two movements, the lips of the groove become firmly opposed and shorten and the lips become inverted and twisted around the axis of the right lip of the groove, drawing the reticular mucosa over the right lip.

Function in the Adult Ruminant

The groove is stimulated in adult ruminants by ADH. The groove can also be closed in adult ruminants by the administration of drugs, e.g copper sulphate, which is of use to prevent drugs becoming diluted in the forechambers. Instead, it directs the drugs directly to the abomasum.

Histology

The floor of the groove is smooth and pale lined with stratified squamous epithelium.


Oesophageal Groove Learning Resources
FlashcardsFlashcards logo.png
Flashcards
Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions
Oesophageal Groove Flashcards
OVAMOVAM-no text.png
OVAM
Anatomy Museum Resources
Image - Goat Oesophageal Groove


Webinars

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