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| + | <big><center>[[Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> |
| − | [[Image:Jumping horse.gif|thumb|right|250px|'''Jumping horse''' © Eadweard Muybridge WikiMedia Commons]] | |
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| − | ==Introduction== | + | =''Overview of the Locomotor System''= |
| − | The musculoskeletal system includes [[Bones - Anatomy & Physiology|bones]], [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology|joints]], [[Cartilage - Anatomy & Physiology|cartilage]], [[Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology|muscles]], ligaments and [[Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology|tendons]]. In order to describe anatomical landmarks for example for the purposes of surgery and to be able to describe different directional information, for example when recording the view of a recently taken x-ray, it is necessary to have a way of describing the [[Planes and Axes - Anatomy & Physiology|planes and axes]] that can be applied to the musculoskeletal system to pinpoint a specific anatomical area.
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| − | ==The Trunk==
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| − | The trunk consists of three segments: thorax, abdomen, and [[Pelvis - Anatomy & Physiology|pelvis]], each of which is bounded by body wall and contains a cavity. The thoracic cavity lies cranial to the diaphragm, whereas the abdominal cavity lies caudal.
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| − | Dorsally, the roof of all three cavities is formed by the [[Spinal Column - Anatomy & Physiology|spinal column]] and associated muscles. The pelvic cavity is defined by the borders of the bony pelvis and communicates with the abdominal cavity. The bony thorax includes the [[Ribs and Sternum - Anatomy & Physiology|ribs and sternum]]; the [[Ribs_and_Sternum_- Anatomy & Physiology#Thoracic_Musculature|thoracic musculature]] is predominantly associated with respiration. Knowledge of the [[Ribs_and_Sternum_- Anatomy & Physiology#Abdominal_Musculature|abdominal musculature]] is important when performing surgery on abdominal organs, and these muscles are traditionally divided into ventrolateral and sublumbar groups.
| + | *[[Bones and Cartilage - Anatomy & Physiology|Bones and Cartilage]] |
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| − | ==The Head and Neck==
| + | *[[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology|Joints]] |
| − | The shape and size of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology|skull]] varies widely, not only between species but also with age, breed and sex of similar species. The skull is divided into three components- the neurocranium, the dermatocranium and the viscerocranium. The skull also includes the [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid apparatus]], mandible, ossicles of the middle ear and the cartilage of the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]], nose and ear. The skull protects the brain and head against injury and supports the structures of the face. In some animals the skull is also used for defensive actions, for example in horned ungulates such as red deer stags.
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| − | ===[[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|Pharynx]]===
| + | *[[Bursae and Tendons - Anatomy & Physiology]] |
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| − | ===[[Syrinx - Anatomy & Physiology|Syrinx]]===
| + | *[[Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology|Muscles and Tendons]] |
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| − | ==Limbs of the Dog, Horse and Cow==
| + | *[[Musculoskeletal terminology - Anatomy & Physiology|Musculoskeletal Terminology]] |
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| − | ===[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology|Forelimb]]=== | + | ='''The Trunk'''= |
| − | *[[Canine Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology|Canine Forelimb]]
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| − | *[[Bovine Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology|Bovine Forelimb]]
| + | ==[[Spinal Column: Anatomy and Physiology]]== |
| | + | *Divisions and Landmarks |
| | + | *Vertebrae and Joints |
| | + | *Spinal Cord |
| | + | *Hypaxial and Epaxial Muscles |
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| − | ===[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology|Hindlimb]]===
| + | ==[[Ribs and Sternum: Anatomy and Physiology]]== |
| | + | *Thoracic Musculature |
| | + | *Abdominal Musculature |
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| − | *[[Canine Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology|Canine Hindlimb]]
| + | ='''The Head and Neck: Anatomy and Physiology'''= |
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| − | *[[Bovine Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology|Bovine Hindlimb]]
| + | ==[[Skull and Facial Muscles: Anatomy and Physiology]]== |
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| − | ===Phalanges=== | + | ==[[Pharynx: Anatomy and Physiology]]== |
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| − | *[[Canine Phalanges - Anatomy & Physiology|Canine Phalanges]]
| + | ==[[Larynx: Anatomy and Physiology]]== |
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| − | *[[Bovine Lower Limb - Anatomy & Physiology|Bovine Lower Limb]]
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| − | ==Topographical anatomy==
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| − | *[[Palpable Points of the Dog - Anatomy & Physiology|Palpable Points of the Dog]]
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| − | *[[Palpable Points - Horse Anatomy|Palpable Points of the Horse]]
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| − | *[[Palpable Points of the Ox - Anatomy & Physiology|Palpable Points of the Ox]]
| + | ='''Limbs of the Domestic Species: Anatomy and Physiology'''= |
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| − | {{Template:Learning
| + | ==[[Forelimb: Anatomy and Physiology]]== |
| − | |flashcards = [[:Category:Musculoskeletal System Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards|Musculoskeletal Flashcards]]
| + | *Pectoral Girdle and Shoulder |
| − | |dragster= [[Canine Head and Neck Surface Anatomy Resources (I, II & III)]]<br>
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| − | |OVAM = [[Musculoskeletal System Vetlogic Quiz|Musculoskeletal System Quiz]]<br>[http://www.um.es/anatvet/interactividad/ingles/alocopi/indexntscp.htm Labelled anatomy images of the canine musculoskeletal system]
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| − | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=musculoskeletal+ Musculoskeletal diseases]
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| − | }}
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| − | ==References==
| + | *Proximal Forelimb and Carpus |
| − | Books
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| − | *<div id="Dyce">{{citation|initiallast = Dyce|initialfirst = K.M|2last = Sack|2first = W.O|finallast = Wensing|finalfirst = C.J.G|year = 2002|title = Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy|ed =3rd|city = Philadelphia|pub = Saunders}}</div> | |
| − | *O.Charnock Bradley '''The Structure of the Fowl''', 3rd ed, J.B.Lippincott Company, 1950
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| − | *Konig and Liebich: '''Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals''', 3rd Edition
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| − | Images
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| − | *''Royal Veterinary College'' Histology Department
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| − | *''Nottingham Veterinary School''
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| − | {{OpenPages}}
| + | *Distal Forelimb and Metacarpus |
| − | [[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]] | + | |
| | + | ==[[Hindlimb: Anatomy and Physiology]]== |
| | + | *Pelvic Girdle and Hip |
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| | + | *Proximal Hindlimb and Tarsus |
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| | + | *Distal Hindlimb and Metatarsus |
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| | + | ==[[Phalanges: Anatomy and Physiology]]== |