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Staphylococcus spp. (view source)

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<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>

<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>

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* [[General Pathology - Oedema#Permeability type|Permeability types of pulmonary oedema]]

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* Can cause haemorrhagic disease by [[General Pathology - Haemostasis#Secondary Thrombocytopenic Disease|secondary thrombocytopenic disease]].

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*May infect [[Joints - inflammatory#In Sheep|joints of sheep]] [[Joints - inflammatory#In Pigs|arthritis in pigs]],

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*''Staphylococcus'' spp. in [[Bacterial skin infections#Impetigo|impetigo]]

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~~==Staphylococcus hyicus==~~

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*Pigs - '''greasy pig disease'''

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*Exudative epidermitis due to ''Staphylococcus hyicus'' is a worldwide problem in piglets.

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*The organism can often be isolated from the mucosa and skin of healthy adult pigs, and can persist in the environment for long periods.

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*Disease occurs only in young piglets up to about 35 days of age.

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*Passive transfer of antibodies from immune sows and development of immunity with age appear to adequately protect against disease.

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*Piglets from non-immune sows are predisposed.

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*Skin trauma, such as due to fighting, allowing entry of infective organisms is also considered a risk factor in this disease.

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~~===[[Bacterial skin infections#Greasy pig disease|Pathology]]===~~

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~~===Pathogenesis===~~

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*''Staphylococcus hyicus'' produces an exfoliative toxin of approximately 30 kDa that causes separation of cells in the upper stratum spinosum resulting in rapid intraepidermal spread of organisms.

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*Death of affected piglets is common and is attributed to dehydration, septicemia, or both.

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*This porcine disorder has been likened to “scalded skin syndrome” in human neonates, due to skin infection by exfoliative toxin-producing ''Staphylococcus aureus''.

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~~===Differential diagnosis===~~

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*mange (Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis)

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*swine parakeratosis (zinc and essential fatty acid deficiency)

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*porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis (collarettes or rings typically on the ventrum of young pigs)

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*dermatosis vegetans (associated with a giant cell pneumonia)

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*dermatophytosis (most commonly Microsporum nanum)

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~~==Staphylococcus aureus==~~

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* May cause [[Intestines - disease due to pathogens#Staphylococcus|gastroenteritis]] in small animals.

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*[[Muscles - inflammatory#Botryomycosis|Botryomycosis]] in muscles

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*In botryomycosis in [[Bacterial skin infections#Bacterial granulomatous dermatitis|skin]]

===Overview===

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===Exudative epidermitis (~~greasy~~ pig disease===

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===Exudative epidermitis ([[Bacterial skin infections#Greasy pig disease|Pathology]])===

*Worldwide disease of pigs under 3 months of age caused by ''S. hyicus''

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*Highly contagious

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*Highly contagious and persists in the environment for long periods

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*''S. hyicus'' produces exfoliative toxin that causes separation of cells in stratum spinosum resulting in rapid intraepidermal spread of organisms

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*Similar to “scalded skin syndrome” in human neonates, due to skin infection by exfoliative toxin-producing ''Staphylococcus aureus''

*Excessive sebacious secretion and exudation on surface of skin

*Pigs are anorexic, febrile, depressed and have a greasy, non-pruritic dermatitis

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*Acute death in piglets under 3 weeks

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*Acute death in piglets under 3 weeks due to dehydration and septicaemia

*20-100% morbidity; up to 90% mortality

*Organism enters skin via abrasions e.g. bite wounds

*Carried in vaginal mucosa and skin of sows

*Predisposed by lack of milk, weaning and other infections

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*Piglets from non-immune sows are predisposed

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*Passive transfer of antibodies from immune sows and development of immunity with age protect against disease

*Isolation from skin lesions

*Early systemic antibiotics amd topical antiseptics/antibiotics useful

*Disinfection after outbreak

*Wash sows before farrowing

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*Differential diagnosis:

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**Mange (''Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis'')

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**Swine parakeratosis (zinc and essential fatty acid deficiency)

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**Porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis (collarettes or rings typically on the ventrum of young pigs)

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**Dermatosis vegetans (associated with a giant cell pneumonia)

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**Dermatophytosis (most commonly ''Microsporum nanum'')

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===Botryomycosis===

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===[[Muscles - inflammatory#Botryomycosis|Botryomycosis]]===

*Chronic, suppurative granulomatous condition

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*''S. intermedius'' causes [[Bacterial skin infections#Deep pyoderma|deep pyoderma]], otitis externa, mastitis, endometritis, cystitis, osteomyelitis, wound infections, [[Joints - inflammatory#In Dogs|dyscospondylitis]]

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*''S. aureus'' may cause [[Intestines - disease due to pathogens#Staphylococcus|gastroenteritis]]

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===Other infections===

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**[[Bacterial skin infections#Impetigo|Impetigo]] in cattle and pigs

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** [[General Pathology - Oedema#Permeability type|Permeability types of pulmonary oedema]]

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**Haemorrhagic disease by [[General Pathology - Haemostasis#Secondary Thrombocytopenic Disease|secondary thrombocytopenic disease]]

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**May infect [[Joints - inflammatory#In Sheep|joints of sheep]]; [[Joints - inflammatory#In Pigs|arthritis in pigs]]

Flawrence

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