Difference between revisions of "Avian Male Reproductive Tract - Anatomy & Physiology"
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− | + | <big><center>[[Reproductive System|'''BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM''']]</center></big> | |
− | + | <big><center>[[Reproductive_System#Exotics|'''BACK TO EXOTICS''']]</center></big> | |
− | + | <big><center>[[Exotics_-_Avian_Reproductive_Anatomy_and_Physiology_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''BACK TO AVIAN REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> | |
− | [[ | + | <big><center>[[Exotics_-_Reproduction_in_the_Male_Avian_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''BACK TO MALE AVIAN REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> |
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+ | = Testes = | ||
* Bean-shaped, paired | * Bean-shaped, paired | ||
* Lie near the cranial pole of the kidney | * Lie near the cranial pole of the kidney | ||
* Medially, they lie close to the aorta and caudal vena cava. | * Medially, they lie close to the aorta and caudal vena cava. | ||
* Each testical suspended by a short '''mesochorium''' and surrounded medially by the abdominal air sac. | * Each testical suspended by a short '''mesochorium''' and surrounded medially by the abdominal air sac. | ||
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* Left tends to be larger than right in immature birds. | * Left tends to be larger than right in immature birds. | ||
− | * | + | * Dimentions increase rapidly with sexual activity. |
* In the non-breeding season, testes shrink to almost nothing and become hard to visualize. | * In the non-breeding season, testes shrink to almost nothing and become hard to visualize. | ||
* Dormant testes light brown/yellow in colour, turn white when sexually active. | * Dormant testes light brown/yellow in colour, turn white when sexually active. | ||
** In some psittacine species, immature or dormant testes may appear black due to melanocytes located in the interstitium. | ** In some psittacine species, immature or dormant testes may appear black due to melanocytes located in the interstitium. | ||
− | * Tunical Albiguinea thinner | + | * '''Semniferous tubules''' produce '''sperm''' from the epithelium. |
+ | * Interstitial '''Leydig cells''' lie between semniferous tubules. | ||
+ | * Tunical Albiguinea thinner thsn in mammals. | ||
* '''No Pampiniform plexus'''. | * '''No Pampiniform plexus'''. | ||
+ | * '''Epididymis is small and can be considered absent'''. '''Sperm maturation occurs in the Vas Deferens'''. | ||
+ | * Vas Deferens closely associated with the Ureter in the dorsomedial midline coelom, distinguished by its zig-zag appearance. | ||
+ | * Vas Deferens enters dorsal wall of the Urodeum. | ||
+ | * No [[Male_Reproductive_Tract_-Accessory_Sex_Glands_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|accessory sex glands]]. | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | = Phallus = | ||
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* When present, the avian phallus is soley reproductive and becomes engorged by lymph fluid instead of blood during erection. | * When present, the avian phallus is soley reproductive and becomes engorged by lymph fluid instead of blood during erection. | ||
* Owing to the lack of accessory sex glands, avian semen has low volume. | * Owing to the lack of accessory sex glands, avian semen has low volume. | ||
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− | + | == Absence of Phallus == | |
* Psittacines, Passerines, Pidgeons and birds of prey all have no phallus. | * Psittacines, Passerines, Pidgeons and birds of prey all have no phallus. | ||
− | * Copulate by transferring semen from the everted [[ | + | * Copulate by transferring semen from the everted [[The_Avian_Vent_and_Cloaca_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#The_Cloaca|Cloaca]] directly into the female [[Exotics_-_Anatomy_of_the_Female_Reproductive_System_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Oviduct|oviduct]]. |
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− | * Rudimentary non-protrusible phallus is seen in male Turkeys and | + | == Non-Protrusible Phallus == |
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+ | * Rudimentary non-protrusible phallus is seen in male Turkeys and chickens. | ||
* Lies on the ventral lip of the vent. | * Lies on the ventral lip of the vent. | ||
* Consists of a small medial tubercle intimately associated on each side with lymphatic folds and vessels. | * Consists of a small medial tubercle intimately associated on each side with lymphatic folds and vessels. | ||
* When erect with lymph, the phallus develops a median groove. | * When erect with lymph, the phallus develops a median groove. | ||
− | ** Median groove permits passage of ejaculate down into the everted female | + | ** Median groove permits passage of ejaculate down into the everted female oviduct. |
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− | + | == Protrusible Phallus == | |
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Revision as of 13:11, 21 July 2008
Testes
- Bean-shaped, paired
- Lie near the cranial pole of the kidney
- Medially, they lie close to the aorta and caudal vena cava.
- Each testical suspended by a short mesochorium and surrounded medially by the abdominal air sac.
- Left tends to be larger than right in immature birds.
- Dimentions increase rapidly with sexual activity.
- In the non-breeding season, testes shrink to almost nothing and become hard to visualize.
- Dormant testes light brown/yellow in colour, turn white when sexually active.
- In some psittacine species, immature or dormant testes may appear black due to melanocytes located in the interstitium.
- Semniferous tubules produce sperm from the epithelium.
- Interstitial Leydig cells lie between semniferous tubules.
- Tunical Albiguinea thinner thsn in mammals.
- No Pampiniform plexus.
- Epididymis is small and can be considered absent. Sperm maturation occurs in the Vas Deferens.
- Vas Deferens closely associated with the Ureter in the dorsomedial midline coelom, distinguished by its zig-zag appearance.
- Vas Deferens enters dorsal wall of the Urodeum.
- No accessory sex glands.
Phallus
- When present, the avian phallus is soley reproductive and becomes engorged by lymph fluid instead of blood during erection.
- Owing to the lack of accessory sex glands, avian semen has low volume.
- Some lymph may contribute to the seminal fluid.
- Sperm remains viable in the female tract for much longer than in mammals.
- May survive for 5-6 days.
Absence of Phallus
- Psittacines, Passerines, Pidgeons and birds of prey all have no phallus.
- Copulate by transferring semen from the everted Cloaca directly into the female oviduct.
Non-Protrusible Phallus
- Rudimentary non-protrusible phallus is seen in male Turkeys and chickens.
- Lies on the ventral lip of the vent.
- Consists of a small medial tubercle intimately associated on each side with lymphatic folds and vessels.
- When erect with lymph, the phallus develops a median groove.
- Median groove permits passage of ejaculate down into the everted female oviduct.