Difference between revisions of "Rat Reproduction - Anatomy & Physiology"
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| − | + | <big><center>[[Reproductive System|'''BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM''']]</center></big> | |
| − | ===Penis | + | <big><center>[[Reproductive_System#Small_Domestic_Mammals|'''BACK TO SMALL DOMESTIC MAMMALS''']]</center></big> |
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| + | = Male = | ||
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| + | == Penis == | ||
* Penis is easily extruded from the prepuce. | * Penis is easily extruded from the prepuce. | ||
* Os penis lies within the tissue of the penis. | * Os penis lies within the tissue of the penis. | ||
| − | + | == Testes == | |
* Two testes in an external scrotum. | * Two testes in an external scrotum. | ||
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* Head and tail of the epididymis are the sites of extremely large fat pads. | * Head and tail of the epididymis are the sites of extremely large fat pads. | ||
| − | + | == Accessory Sex Glands == | |
Rats have highly developed accessory sex glands. These produce a gelatinous copulatory plug, which is visible in the vagina post-mating and is thought to prevent semen leaking out. | Rats have highly developed accessory sex glands. These produce a gelatinous copulatory plug, which is visible in the vagina post-mating and is thought to prevent semen leaking out. | ||
| + | * '''Seminal Vesicles''': Lie dorsolateral to the urinary bladder in contact with the rectum dorsally. | ||
| + | ** Large and lobated, opening into the lower end of the ductus deferens. | ||
| + | ** Each is enclosed in a capsule together with the coagulating gland. | ||
| + | * '''Prostate Gland''': Bilateral and has three lobes: the dorsal, lateral and ventral. | ||
| + | ** Dorsal known is known as the '''Coagulating Gland'''. | ||
| + | *** Lies close to the seminal vesicle. | ||
| + | * '''Ampullary Glands''': The glands of the ductus deferens. | ||
| + | ** Lie near the bladder. | ||
| + | * '''Bulbourethral Glands''': Found near the urethra as it exits the pelvis. | ||
| + | * '''Preputial Glands''': Lie in the subcutaneous fat near the penis and open into the prepuce. | ||
| + | ** Sebacious glands that secrete a pheramone used for scent marking. | ||
| + | ** Regress with age and fill with stagnant sebum. | ||
| − | + | == Puberty and Sexual Maturity == | |
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* Sexually mature at 6-8 weeks | * Sexually mature at 6-8 weeks | ||
| − | + | == Mammary Gland == | |
* Teats are absent. | * Teats are absent. | ||
| − | + | ---- | |
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| − | + | = Female = | |
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| − | == | + | == Reproductive tract == |
| − | * | + | * Right ovary is located at the level of L4-5 just caudal to the right kidney. |
| + | * Left ovary is located at the level of L5-6 caudal to the left kidney. | ||
| + | ** Nearer the midline than the right ovary. | ||
| + | * Both ovaries are embedded in fat. | ||
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| − | * | + | * Oviduct is convoluted and winds around the ovary in 10-12 loops. |
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| + | * [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Anatomical_Types_of_Uteri|Duplex Uterus]] | ||
| + | ** Two [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervices]] | ||
| + | ** Uterine horns remain separate until uniting in a single vagina. | ||
* Vaginal opening lies caudal to clitoral glands and is closed by a membrane until puberty. | * Vaginal opening lies caudal to clitoral glands and is closed by a membrane until puberty. | ||
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* Anastamoses between the ovarian and uterine artery occur in the uterine mesentery. | * Anastamoses between the ovarian and uterine artery occur in the uterine mesentery. | ||
| − | * Mesovarium and mesometrium contain large volumes of fat, which surround the | + | * Mesovarium and mesometrium contain large volumes of fat, which surround the kidneys, abdominal wall and intestinal loops. |
| − | + | == Oestrous Cyclicity == | |
* Non-seasonal polyoestrus | * Non-seasonal polyoestrus | ||
| − | * | + | * [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-Oestrous_Cycle_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|Oestrus cycle]] 4-5 days. |
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* Duration of oestrus is ~14 hours. | * Duration of oestrus is ~14 hours. | ||
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| − | ==== | + | == Copulation == |
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| + | * Evidence that mating has occured is the 'copulatory plug' | ||
| + | ** Forms in the vagina. | ||
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| − | == | + | == Gestation and Offspring == |
| + | * [[Reproductive_System#Gestation|Gestation]] length is 20-22 days. | ||
* Litter size 6-16 | * Litter size 6-16 | ||
* Altricial young | * Altricial young | ||
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* Care not to stress mother or she may cannibalise the young. | * Care not to stress mother or she may cannibalise the young. | ||
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| + | == Mammary Gland == | ||
| − | + | * 5 pairs of teats. | |
Revision as of 14:08, 22 July 2008
Male
Penis
- Penis is easily extruded from the prepuce.
- Os penis lies within the tissue of the penis.
Testes
- Two testes in an external scrotum.
- Testes descend between day 30-40.
- Open inguinal canals throughout life.
- Allows the testes to shrink and return to the abdomen during the non-breeding season.
- Head and tail of the epididymis are the sites of extremely large fat pads.
Accessory Sex Glands
Rats have highly developed accessory sex glands. These produce a gelatinous copulatory plug, which is visible in the vagina post-mating and is thought to prevent semen leaking out.
- Seminal Vesicles: Lie dorsolateral to the urinary bladder in contact with the rectum dorsally.
- Large and lobated, opening into the lower end of the ductus deferens.
- Each is enclosed in a capsule together with the coagulating gland.
- Prostate Gland: Bilateral and has three lobes: the dorsal, lateral and ventral.
- Dorsal known is known as the Coagulating Gland.
- Lies close to the seminal vesicle.
- Dorsal known is known as the Coagulating Gland.
- Ampullary Glands: The glands of the ductus deferens.
- Lie near the bladder.
- Bulbourethral Glands: Found near the urethra as it exits the pelvis.
- Preputial Glands: Lie in the subcutaneous fat near the penis and open into the prepuce.
- Sebacious glands that secrete a pheramone used for scent marking.
- Regress with age and fill with stagnant sebum.
Puberty and Sexual Maturity
- Sexually mature at 6-8 weeks
Mammary Gland
- Teats are absent.
Female
Reproductive tract
- Right ovary is located at the level of L4-5 just caudal to the right kidney.
- Left ovary is located at the level of L5-6 caudal to the left kidney.
- Nearer the midline than the right ovary.
- Both ovaries are embedded in fat.
- Oviduct is convoluted and winds around the ovary in 10-12 loops.
- Duplex Uterus
- Two cervices
- Uterine horns remain separate until uniting in a single vagina.
- Vaginal opening lies caudal to clitoral glands and is closed by a membrane until puberty.
- Anastamoses between the ovarian and uterine artery occur in the uterine mesentery.
- Mesovarium and mesometrium contain large volumes of fat, which surround the kidneys, abdominal wall and intestinal loops.
Oestrous Cyclicity
- Non-seasonal polyoestrus
- Oestrus cycle 4-5 days.
- Duration of oestrus is ~14 hours.
Copulation
- Evidence that mating has occured is the 'copulatory plug'
- Forms in the vagina.
Gestation and Offspring
- Gestation length is 20-22 days.
- Litter size 6-16
- Altricial young
- Eyes open at 12-14 days.
- Earliest weaning age 21 days.
- Care not to stress mother or she may cannibalise the young.
Mammary Gland
- 5 pairs of teats.