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| + | <big><center>[[Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> |
− | ==Introduction==
| + | <big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> |
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− | The hyoid apparatus holds the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] in place and supports the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] from the skull. It is made up of 5 different bones, which vary in length and size depending on the species.
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− | [[Image:Hyoid Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Hyoid Apparatus in situ - Copyright Nottingham]]
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− | ==Structure and Function==
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− | It is attached to the temporal region of the skull by a [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Cartilaginous Joints|synchondrosis joint]]. It is palpable through the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and is visible when the pharynx is viewed through the mouth. The basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space.
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− | The '''sternohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid caudally and the '''geniohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid rostrally.
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− | [[Image:Hyoid Bones.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Hyoid Apparatus Drawing - Copyright nabrown]]
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− | ==The hyoid bones==
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− | '''1. Basihyoid''' - Unpaired bone.
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− | '''2. Stylohyoid''' - Articulates with base of skull at the petrus temporal. A paired bone.
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− | '''3. Epihyoid''' - A paired bone.
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− | '''4. Keratohyoid''' - A paired bone.
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− | '''5. Thyrohyoid''' - Articulates with the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Cartilage|thyroid cartilage]] of the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]. A paired bone.
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− | ==Species Differences==
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− | [[Image:Canine Hyoid.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Canine hyoid apparatus - Copyright Nottingham]]
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− | ===Carnivores===
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− | Stylohyoid bones are not palpable.
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− | ===Equine===
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− | Epihyoid is small, the lingual process is present and they have a well developed stylohyoid muscle.
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− | ===Ruminants===
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− | Lingual process is present.
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− | ===Porcine===
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− | Lingual process is present.
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− | {{Template:Learning
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− | |flashcards = [[Hyoid Apparatus - Musculoskeletal - Flashcards|Hyoid apparatus anatomy]]
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− | |videos = [[Video: Ventral muscles of the head potcast|Ventral muscles of the head potcast]]<br>[[Video: Hyoid apparatus potcast|Hyoid apparatus potcast]]
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− | }}
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− | ==Webinars==
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− | <rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/gastroenterology-and-nutrition/webinars/feed</rss> | |
− | [[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]] | |
− | [[Category:A&P Done]]
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