Difference between revisions of "Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology"

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==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
  
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The paranasal sinuses are ventilated spaces connected to the [[Nasal Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]]. They develop as blind ending pouches between the lamina of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Bones of the Skull|bones of the skull]].
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The Paranasal Sinuses are ventilated spaces connected to the nasal cavity.
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They develop as blind ending pouches between the lamina of the bones of the skull.
  
 
==Structure==
 
==Structure==
  
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The paranasal sinuses are a series of cavities arranged one after another. All species have '''frontal''' and '''maxillary''' systems.
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*The paranasal sinuses are a series of cavities arranged one after another.
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*All species have ''Frontal'' and ''Maxillary'' systems
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'''Frontal''': Consists of space(s) within the bones between the cranial cavity and the [[Nasal Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]].
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**Frontal: consists of space(s) within the bones between the cranial cavity and the nasal cavity
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**Maxillary: this is the largest sinus, and consists of the space within the caudolateral part of the upper jaw, above the caudal cheek teeth. This increases with age due to wearing and ventral relocation of the teeth.
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'''Maxillary''': This is the largest sinus, and consists of the space within the caudolateral part of the upper jaw, above the caudal cheek [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]]. This increases with age due to wearing and ventral relocation of the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]].
 
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==Function==
 
==Function==
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The function of paranasal sinuses is somewhat ambiguous, however they are likely to have the following evolutionary purposes:
 
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:Resonating cavities
 
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:Limiting the weight of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Bones of the Skull|skull]]
 
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:Insulation/cooling of the [[Nervous and Special Senses - Anatomy & Physiology#Central Nervous System (CNS)|brain]]
 
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:Increased insertion space for [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]]
 
  
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==Species Differences==
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*Resonating Cavities
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*A mechanism for limiting the weight of the skull
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*Insulation/Cooling of the brain
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*Allow increased insertion space for teeth.
  
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In the '''dog''' the sinus system is generally poorly developed. The maxillary sinus is a cavity which freely communicates with the nasal cavity, and is known as the '''maxillary recess'''. The frontal sinus has 3 chambers which drain separately into the nasal cavity.
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==Vasculature==
  
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In the '''horse''' the maxillary sinus has caudal and rostral parts which together occupy a large part of the upper jaw. In addition, the horse has '''sphenopalatine''' and '''ethmoidal''' sinuses which are of a lesser clinical importance than the '''frontal, caudal maxillary''' and '''rostral maxillary sinuses''' on each side of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Bones of the Skull|skull]].
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*
  
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'''Cattle''' do not have a fully developed sinus system until the age of 7, by which time it is an extremely complex system.
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==Innervation==
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In addition to the frontal sinus, there is a '''palatomaxillary sinus''' (named because the maxillary sinus is continuous with the palatine sinus) within the caudal part of the [[Hard Palate|hard palate]] and face, a '''lacrimal sinus''' within the medial orbit, '''sphenoidal sinuses''' which lie past the orbit and within the conchae themselves are the '''conchal sinuses'''. The frontal sinus in cattle has a 'diverticle' for the cornual process (horn).
 
  
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The '''pig''' has '''lacrimal, sphenoid''' and '''conchal''' sinuses in addition to the maxillary and frontal systems.
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*
  
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There are many variations to the entire [[Avian Respiration - Anatomy & Physiology|'''avian''' respiratory tract]].
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==Lymphatics==
  
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The [[Respiration in Non-Homeotherms - Anatomy & Physiology|respiratory systems of non-homeotherms]] are also very different to that of mammals.
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*
  
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==Links==
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==Histology==
  
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Click here for more information on [[:Category:Paranasal Sinuses - Pathology|paranasal sinuses pathology]].
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*
  
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==References==
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==Species Differences==
  
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{{citation|initiallast = Dyce|initialfirst = K.M|2last = Sack|2first = W.O|finallast = Wensing|finalfirst = C.J.G|year = 2002|title = Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy|ed =3rd|city = Philadelphia|pub = Saunders}}
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*In the '''Dog''' the sinus system is generally poorle developed. The Maxillary sinus is a cavity, freely communicating with the nasal cavity, and is known as the '''Maxillary Recess'''. The Frontal sinus has 3 chambers which drain separately into the nasal cavity.  
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<br>
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*In the '''Horse''' the Maxillary sinus has caudal and rostral parts which together occupy a large part of the upper jaw. In addition, the horse has Sphenopalatine and Ethmoidal sinuses which are of less clinical importance than the Frontal, Caudal Maxillary and Rostral Maxillary Sinuses on each side of the skull.
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{{Template:Learning
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*'''Cattle''' have a fully developed sinus system by the age of 7. The Frontal sinus in cattle has a 'diverticle' for the Cornual Process (horn).
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|dragster = [[Canine Head Radiographical Anatomy Resources (IV & V)|Canine Skull Anatomy - Frontal Sinuses (IV)]]
 
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}}
 
  
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{{review}}
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==Links==
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==Webinars==
 
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<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/respiratory/webinars/feed</rss>
 
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[[Category:Respiratory System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
 
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[[Category:A&P Done]]
 

Revision as of 14:31, 11 August 2008

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Introduction

The Paranasal Sinuses are ventilated spaces connected to the nasal cavity. They develop as blind ending pouches between the lamina of the bones of the skull.

Structure

  • The paranasal sinuses are a series of cavities arranged one after another.
  • All species have Frontal and Maxillary systems
    • Frontal: consists of space(s) within the bones between the cranial cavity and the nasal cavity
    • Maxillary: this is the largest sinus, and consists of the space within the caudolateral part of the upper jaw, above the caudal cheek teeth. This increases with age due to wearing and ventral relocation of the teeth.

Function

  • Resonating Cavities
  • A mechanism for limiting the weight of the skull
  • Insulation/Cooling of the brain
  • Allow increased insertion space for teeth.

Vasculature

Innervation

Lymphatics

Histology

Species Differences

  • In the Dog the sinus system is generally poorle developed. The Maxillary sinus is a cavity, freely communicating with the nasal cavity, and is known as the Maxillary Recess. The Frontal sinus has 3 chambers which drain separately into the nasal cavity.
  • In the Horse the Maxillary sinus has caudal and rostral parts which together occupy a large part of the upper jaw. In addition, the horse has Sphenopalatine and Ethmoidal sinuses which are of less clinical importance than the Frontal, Caudal Maxillary and Rostral Maxillary Sinuses on each side of the skull.
  • Cattle have a fully developed sinus system by the age of 7. The Frontal sinus in cattle has a 'diverticle' for the Cornual Process (horn).

Links

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