Difference between revisions of "Pelvis - Anatomy & Physiology"
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| − | + | <big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> | |
==Pelvic Girdle== | ==Pelvic Girdle== | ||
| − | [[Image:Pelvis.png|thumb|right| | + | [[Image:Pelvis.png|thumb|right|150px|Pelvis - Wikimedia Commons 2008]] |
| − | + | *Two symmetrical halves: hip bones ('''ossa cosarum''') meet at pelvic symphysis ventrally and articulate with sacrum dorsally | |
| − | + | *Hip Bones: | |
| − | + | **Three bones develop from separate ossifications within a single cartilage plate | |
| − | + | **[[Ilium - Anatomy and Physiology|Ilium]]: craniodorsal, extends obliquely forward from hip to articulate with sacrum | |
| − | + | ***Cranial wing varies between species | |
| − | Three bones develop from separate ossifications | + | ***Dorsally, forms '''sacral tuber''' more prominent in large animals than dogs and cats |
| − | + | ***Ventrally, forms '''tuber coxae''', or the point of the hip | |
| − | + | ***Margin of the wing is known as the '''iliac crest''' | |
| − | + | ***Body is deeply excavated for attachment of the gluteus medius | |
| − | + | ***'''Greater Sciatic Notch''' on dorsal border of the wing is cut away at its junction with the shaft to allow the sciatic nerve passage en route to the hind limb | |
| − | + | **[[Pubis - Anatomy & Physiology|Pubis]] : extends medially from the joint to form cranial pelvic floor | |
| − | + | ***L-shaped to give two branches: cranial (acetabular) and caudal (symphysial) | |
| − | + | **[[Ischium - Anatomy & Physiology|Ischium]]: caudal, forms most of pelvic floor | |
| − | + | ***'''Ischial tuberosity''' is formed by the caudolateral corner of the horizontal plate of the ischium | |
| − | + | **The '''Pelvic Symphysis''' comprises both pubis and ischium | |
| − | + | **The '''Acetabulum"" provides the socket to the joint of the hip, and is comprised of all three bones of the pelvis | |
| − | + | *Species differences: | |
| − | + | **Larger species have a more vertical ilium, bringing the sacroiliac joint (and with it the weight of the trunk) closer to the hip | |
| − | + | **Smaller species have an oblique ilium | |
| − | The '''Acetabulum | ||
==Pelvic Joints and Ligaments== | ==Pelvic Joints and Ligaments== | ||
| − | [[Image:Grays Pelvic Symphysis.png|thumb|right| | + | [[Image:Grays Pelvic Symphysis.png|thumb|right|150px|Pelvic Symphysis, Gray's Anatomy - Wikimedia Commons 2008]] |
| − | + | *'''Pelvic Symphysis''': secondary cartilaginous joint that ossifies with age and may expand in parturition | |
| − | '''Pelvic Symphysis''': secondary cartilaginous joint that ossifies with age and may expand in parturition | + | *'''Sacroiliac joints''': synovial joints combined with fibrous joints |
| − | + | **Transmits the weight of the trunk to the hindlimbs | |
| − | '''Sacroiliac joints''': synovial joints combined with fibrous joints | + | *'''Sacrotuberous ligament''' varies tremendously between species, caudal edge is palpable |
| − | + | **Dog: stout cord extending between the sacrum and lateral ischial tuberosity | |
| − | '''Sacrotuberous ligament''' | + | **Cat: not present |
| − | + | **Ungulates: '''Sacrosciatic ligament''' expands to a broad sheep | |
| − | + | Video Link: [http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Frean/sheep/SacroSciaticLigament.wmv Sacrosciatic Ligament of the Sheep, Copyright RVC 2008] | |
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Revision as of 15:35, 13 August 2008
Pelvic Girdle
- Two symmetrical halves: hip bones (ossa cosarum) meet at pelvic symphysis ventrally and articulate with sacrum dorsally
- Hip Bones:
- Three bones develop from separate ossifications within a single cartilage plate
- Ilium: craniodorsal, extends obliquely forward from hip to articulate with sacrum
- Cranial wing varies between species
- Dorsally, forms sacral tuber more prominent in large animals than dogs and cats
- Ventrally, forms tuber coxae, or the point of the hip
- Margin of the wing is known as the iliac crest
- Body is deeply excavated for attachment of the gluteus medius
- Greater Sciatic Notch on dorsal border of the wing is cut away at its junction with the shaft to allow the sciatic nerve passage en route to the hind limb
- Pubis : extends medially from the joint to form cranial pelvic floor
- L-shaped to give two branches: cranial (acetabular) and caudal (symphysial)
- Ischium: caudal, forms most of pelvic floor
- Ischial tuberosity is formed by the caudolateral corner of the horizontal plate of the ischium
- The Pelvic Symphysis comprises both pubis and ischium
- The Acetabulum"" provides the socket to the joint of the hip, and is comprised of all three bones of the pelvis
- Species differences:
- Larger species have a more vertical ilium, bringing the sacroiliac joint (and with it the weight of the trunk) closer to the hip
- Smaller species have an oblique ilium
Pelvic Joints and Ligaments
- Pelvic Symphysis: secondary cartilaginous joint that ossifies with age and may expand in parturition
- Sacroiliac joints: synovial joints combined with fibrous joints
- Transmits the weight of the trunk to the hindlimbs
- Sacrotuberous ligament varies tremendously between species, caudal edge is palpable
- Dog: stout cord extending between the sacrum and lateral ischial tuberosity
- Cat: not present
- Ungulates: Sacrosciatic ligament expands to a broad sheep
Video Link: Sacrosciatic Ligament of the Sheep, Copyright RVC 2008