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| − | '''Use the mouse to highlight the answers. They are written in white.'''
| + | {{toplink |
| − | | + | |backcolour = C1F0F6 |
| − | | + | |linkpage =The Nephron - Renal Flash Cards - Anatomy & Physiology |
| − | <TABLE BORDER="2" BORDERCOLOR="#6600FF" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="2" WIDTH="80%">
| + | |linktext =THE NEPHRON - RENAL FLASH CARDS |
| − | <TR>
| + | |maplink = Urinary System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology |
| − | <TD>'''Question'''</TD>
| + | |pagetype =Anatomy |
| − | <TD>'''Answer'''</TD>
| + | }} |
| − | <TD>'''Link'''</TD>
| + | <br> |
| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>What are the three layers of glomerular filtration barrier?</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | * Fenestrated Capillary Endothelium
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| − | * Glomerular Basement Membrane
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| − | * Podocytes</FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Apparatus and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology#Glomerular Filtration| Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>Which of the three layers is the major barrier to protein?</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | Glomerular Basement Membrane
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| − | </FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Apparatus and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology#Glomerular Basement Membrane|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>Which Factors Determine Selective Filtration?</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | * Hydrostatic pressure
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| − | * Molecular size
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| − | * Electrical charge
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| − | * Protein binding
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| − | * Molecular configuration
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| − | * Rigidity</FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Apparatus and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology#Factors Which Determine Selective Filtration|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>Substances which are filtered at the same levels as plasma are described at being filtered at what level?</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | Isotonic</FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Apparatus and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology#Composition of Filtrate|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>Define Glomerular Filtration Rate.</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">The glomerular filtration or GFR is the amount of fluid filtered from the capillaries into the Bowmans capsule per unit time.</FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Apparatus and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology#Glomerular Filtration Rate|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>By which formula can GFR be expressed?</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">GFR = K<sub>f</sub> x net filtration pressure</FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Apparatus and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology#Glomerular Filtration Rate|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>What determines renal blood flow and capillary hydrostatic pressure?</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">Arterial blood pressure coupled with the contraction of both the afferent and efferent arterioles</FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Apparatus and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology#Regulation of Renal Blood Flow and Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>Why is it important that the constriction of the afferent and efferant arterioles changes with blood pressure?</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">To maintain renal blood flow</FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Apparatus and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology#Regulation of Renal Blood Flow and Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>What effect does contracting the afferant arteriole have on filtration pressure?</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">Reduces filtration pressure</FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Apparatus and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology#Constriction of the Afferent and Efferent Arterioles|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>What are the two mechanisms for pressure autoregulation?</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | * The Myogenic Response
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| − | * Tubuloglomerular Feedback</FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Filtration Rate#Autoregulation|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>Which mechanism works by responding to increased stretch in the arterioles by constricting them to a smaller diameter?</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">The Myogenic Response</FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Filtration Rate#Autoregulation|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>Which structure in the wall of the distal tubule detects an increase in NaCl when blood pressure increases?</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">The Macula Densa</FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct - Anatomy & Physiology#Juxtaglomerular Apparatus|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>What is the effect of increased sympathetic activity on the kidneys?</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | * Reduced renal blood flow
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| − | * Small decrease in excreted waste
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| − | * Increased conservation of water and sodium</FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Filtration Rate#Sympathetic Nervous System|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>What is Renal Clearance?</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | Renal clearance is the ability of the kidney to remove a compound from the blood</FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Apparatus and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology#Renal Clearance|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>What other methods of clearance from the body apart from renal are there?</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | * Biliary
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| − | * Pulmonary
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| − | * Salivary </FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Apparatus and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology#Renal Clearance|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>For the renal clearance of a substance to represent the GFR which two things must not happen to it as it moves along the nephron?</TD>
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| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | It must not be reabsorbed or further secreted </FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Apparatus and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology#Renal Clearance and GFR|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>Name three compounds which can be used to measure GFR from Renal clearance.</TD> | |
| − | <TD>
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| − | <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | * Inulin
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| − | * Creatinine
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| − | * Urea</FONT></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Glomerular Apparatus and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology#Determination of GFR from Renal Clearance|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | </table>
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| − | [[Category:Urine Production]][[Category:Urinary System Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards]]
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