Changes

====Anatomy====

====Anatomy====

In amphibians urine moves from the kidney down the ducts into the cloaca and then onto a urinary bladder.  Caudates and Anurans posses renal portal veins which carry blood from the hind limbs to the kidney before it goes back to the heart.  They have paired posterior kidneys which lie retroperitoneally.  Caecilians have no renal portal veins and have one kidney the full length of the coelom

In amphibians urine moves from the kidney down the ducts into the cloaca and then onto a urinary bladder.  Caudates and Anurans possess renal portal veins which carry blood from the hind limbs to the kidney before it goes back to the heart.  They have paired posterior kidneys which lie retroperitoneally.  Caecilians have no renal portal veins and have one kidney the full length of the coelom

====Physiology====

====Physiology====

* Small volume

* Small volume

* Precipitate contains uric acid, sodium/potassium and protein

* Precipitate contains uric acid, sodium/potassium and protein

* Urine enter cloaca and mixes with the fecal material

* Urine enter cloaca and mixes with the faecal material

====Salt glands====

====Salt glands====