Difference between revisions of "Type II Hypersensitivity"

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<big><center>[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO HYPERSENSITIVITY''']]</center></big>
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[[Image:Type II Hypersensitivity.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Type II Hypersensitivity-Brian Catchpole RVC 2008]]
 
==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
[[Image:Type II Hypersensitivity.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Type II Hypersensitivity-Brian Catchpole RVC 2008]]
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Production of [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]] or [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] to cell surface antigens or extracellular matrix proteins.
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Production of IgM or IgG to cell surface antigens or extracellular matrix proteins.
  
 
==Mechanism==
 
==Mechanism==
 +
  
 
''' "Neutralisation" blockade of receptors:'''
 
''' "Neutralisation" blockade of receptors:'''
* Antibodies attach to receptors, which prevents other molecules attaching.
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* Myasthenia gravis
* For example in myasthenia gravis antibodies attach to acetylcholine receptors which in turn prevents acetylcholine from attaching to the receptor and thus muscle contraction of that cell does not occur.
 
  
''' Immunological attack on target cells, destroying them by (see diagram):'''
 
  
[[Adaptive Immunity to Viruses|1. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)]]
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''' Immunological attack on target cells, destroying them by:'''
* [[Pemphigus|Pemphigus vulgaris]]
 
* [[Bullous Pemphigoid|Bullous pemphigoid]]
 
  
2. [[Complement|Complement]] mediated lysis
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1. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)
* Self [[Erythrocytes|RBC]] antigen:
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* Pemphigus vulgaris
** [[Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia|Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia]]
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* Bullous pemphigoid
* Foreign [[Erythrocytes|RBC]]:
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2. Complement mediated lysis
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* Self RBC antigen:
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** Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia
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* Foreign RBC:
 
** Blood transfusion reaction
 
** Blood transfusion reaction
** [[Neonatal Isoerythrolysis|Haemolytic disease of new born (Rhesus disease in humans and neonatal isoerythrolysis in foals and kittens)]]
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** Haemolytic disease of new born (Rhesus disease in humans and neonatal isoerythrolysis in foals and kittens)
 
* RBC parasite:
 
* RBC parasite:
 
** Feline infectious anaemia (''Mycoplasma haemofelis'')  
 
** Feline infectious anaemia (''Mycoplasma haemofelis'')  
 
3. Phagocytosis
 
3. Phagocytosis
 
==From Pathology==
 
 
*Cytotoxic reaction
 
*[[IgG]] and [[IgM]] interaction with antigens bound to cellular membranes
 
*Often involves [[Complement#Complement Fixation Pathways|complement fixation]] -> cellular damage
 
*In skin - circulating antibody to proteins of desmosomes in intercellular areas along basement membranes at epidermal-dermal junction
 
*Includes:
 
**[[Pemphigus|Pemphigus]]
 
**[[Bullous Pemphigoid|Bullous pemphigoid]]
 
 
 
<br><br>
 
{{Jim Bee 2007}}
 
[[Category:Hypersensitivity]]
 

Revision as of 16:13, 26 August 2008

BACK TO HYPERSENSITIVITY


Type II Hypersensitivity-Brian Catchpole RVC 2008

Introduction

Production of IgM or IgG to cell surface antigens or extracellular matrix proteins.

Mechanism

"Neutralisation" blockade of receptors:

  • Myasthenia gravis


Immunological attack on target cells, destroying them by:

1. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)

  • Pemphigus vulgaris
  • Bullous pemphigoid

2. Complement mediated lysis

  • Self RBC antigen:
    • Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia
  • Foreign RBC:
    • Blood transfusion reaction
    • Haemolytic disease of new born (Rhesus disease in humans and neonatal isoerythrolysis in foals and kittens)
  • RBC parasite:
    • Feline infectious anaemia (Mycoplasma haemofelis)

3. Phagocytosis