Difference between revisions of "Type II Hypersensitivity"

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[[Image:Type II Hypersensitivity.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Type II Hypersensitivity-Brian Catchpole RVC 2008]]
 
==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
−
[[Image:Type II Hypersensitivity.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Type II Hypersensitivity-Brian Catchpole RVC 2008]]
+
 
−
Production of [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]] or [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] to cell surface antigens or extracellular matrix proteins.
+
Production of IgM or IgG to cell surface antigens or extracellular matrix proteins.
  
 
==Mechanism==
 
==Mechanism==
 +
  
 
''' "Neutralisation" blockade of receptors:'''
 
''' "Neutralisation" blockade of receptors:'''
−
* Antibodies attach to receptors, which prevents other molecules attaching.
+
* Myasthenia gravis
−
* For example in myasthenia gravis antibodies attach to acetylcholine receptors which in turn prevents acetylcholine from attaching to the receptor and thus muscle contraction of that cell does not occur.
 
  
−
''' Immunological attack on target cells, destroying them by (see diagram):'''
 
  
−
[[Adaptive Immunity to Viruses|1. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)]]
+
''' Immunological attack on target cells, destroying them by:'''
−
* [[Pemphigus|Pemphigus vulgaris]]
 
−
* [[Bullous Pemphigoid|Bullous pemphigoid]]
 
  
−
2. [[Complement|Complement]] mediated lysis
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1. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)
−
* Self [[Erythrocytes|RBC]] antigen:
+
* Pemphigus vulgaris
−
** [[Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia|Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia]]
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* Bullous pemphigoid
−
* Foreign [[Erythrocytes|RBC]]:
+
 
 +
2. Complement mediated lysis
 +
* Self RBC antigen:
 +
** Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia
 +
* Foreign RBC:
 
** Blood transfusion reaction
 
** Blood transfusion reaction
−
** [[Neonatal Isoerythrolysis|Haemolytic disease of new born (Rhesus disease in humans and neonatal isoerythrolysis in foals and kittens)]]
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** Haemolytic disease of new born (Rhesus disease in humans and neonatal isoerythrolysis in foals and kittens)
 
* RBC parasite:
 
* RBC parasite:
 
** Feline infectious anaemia (''Mycoplasma haemofelis'')  
 
** Feline infectious anaemia (''Mycoplasma haemofelis'')  
 
3. Phagocytosis
 
3. Phagocytosis
−
 
−
==From Pathology==
 
−
 
−
*Cytotoxic reaction
 
−
*[[IgG]] and [[IgM]] interaction with antigens bound to cellular membranes
 
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*Often involves [[Complement#Complement Fixation Pathways|complement fixation]] -> cellular damage
 
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*In skin - circulating antibody to proteins of desmosomes in intercellular areas along basement membranes at epidermal-dermal junction
 
−
*Includes:
 
−
**[[Pemphigus|Pemphigus]]
 
−
**[[Bullous Pemphigoid|Bullous pemphigoid]]
 
−
 
−
 
−
<br><br>
 
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{{Jim Bee 2007}}
 
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[[Category:Hypersensitivity]]
 

Revision as of 20:43, 27 August 2008

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IMMUNOLOGY
HYPERSENSITIVITY



Type II Hypersensitivity-Brian Catchpole RVC 2008

Introduction

Production of IgM or IgG to cell surface antigens or extracellular matrix proteins.

Mechanism

"Neutralisation" blockade of receptors:

  • Myasthenia gravis


Immunological attack on target cells, destroying them by:

1. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)

  • Pemphigus vulgaris
  • Bullous pemphigoid

2. Complement mediated lysis

  • Self RBC antigen:
    • Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia
  • Foreign RBC:
    • Blood transfusion reaction
    • Haemolytic disease of new born (Rhesus disease in humans and neonatal isoerythrolysis in foals and kittens)
  • RBC parasite:
    • Feline infectious anaemia (Mycoplasma haemofelis)

3. Phagocytosis

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