Difference between revisions of "Palpable Points - Horse Anatomy"

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|backcolour =CDE472
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|linkpage =Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology
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|linktext =Musculoskeletal System
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|maplink = Musculoskeletal System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology
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|pagetype =Anatomy
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<br>
  
 
==Forelimb==
 
==Forelimb==
 +
  
 
===The Shoulder===
 
===The Shoulder===
[[File:Points of a horse.jpg|right|500px]]
 
 
'''Bones'''
 
'''Bones'''
* Cranial border of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]]
+
* Cranial border of the scapula
* Dorsal border of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapular cartilage]]
+
* Dorsal border of the scapular cartilage
* Spine of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]]
+
* Spine of the scapula
* Caudal division of the greater tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]
+
* Caudal division of the greater tuberosity, humerus
* Deltoid tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]
+
* Deltoid tuberosity, humerus
* Greater tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]
+
* Greater tuberosity, humerus
 +
 
  
 
'''Soft Tissue'''
 
'''Soft Tissue'''
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* Triceps
 
* Triceps
 
* Supraspinatus and infrapinatus
 
* Supraspinatus and infrapinatus
 
For further details see: [[Limb Muscles - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|Equine muscles]]
 
  
 
===Antebrachium and Elbow===
 
===Antebrachium and Elbow===
 
'''Bones'''
 
'''Bones'''
 
* Olecranon
 
* Olecranon
* Lateral epicondyle, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]
+
* Lateral epicondyle, humerus
* Lateral tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]
+
* Lateral tuberosity, radius
* Styloid process, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]
+
* Styloid process, radius
 +
 
  
 
'''Joint'''
 
'''Joint'''
* Identified between distal [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humeral]] epicondyle and lateral tuberosity of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]. The collateral ligament runs between these two landmarks.
+
* Identified between distal humeral epicondyle and lateral tuberosity of the radius. The collateral ligament runs between these two landmarks.
 +
 
  
 
'''Soft tissue'''
 
'''Soft tissue'''
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* Extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris, the groove between these two muscles can be felt caudally
 
* Extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris, the groove between these two muscles can be felt caudally
 
* Tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis
 
* Tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis
 
For further details see: [[Limb Muscles - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|Equine muscles]]
 
  
 
===Metacarpal region and Carpus===
 
===Metacarpal region and Carpus===
 
'''Bones'''
 
'''Bones'''
* Medial styloid process of [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]
+
* Medial styloid process of radius  
* Lateral styloid process of [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]
+
* Lateral styloid process of radius
* [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|Accessory carpal bone]]
+
* Accessory carpal bone
* Medial and lateral [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|splint bones]] and their buttons
+
* Medial and lateral splint bones and their buttons
 +
 
  
 
'''Joint'''
 
'''Joint'''
* [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|Radiocarpal joint]]
+
* Radiocarpal joint
 
* Carpal canal
 
* Carpal canal
 +
  
 
'''Soft tissue'''
 
'''Soft tissue'''
 
* Extensor carpi radialis tendon  
 
* Extensor carpi radialis tendon  
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|Common digital extensor tendon]]
+
* Common digital extensor tendon  
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|Lateral digital extensor tendon]]
+
* Lateral digital extensor tendon
 
* Flexor reticulum
 
* Flexor reticulum
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Superficial and deep digital flexor tendon]]
+
* Superficial and deep digital flexor tendon
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon]]
+
* Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Suspensory ligament]]
+
* Suspensory ligament
 
* Blood vessels and nerves in mid-metacarpal region
 
* Blood vessels and nerves in mid-metacarpal region
 
* Medial palmar artery
 
* Medial palmar artery
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===Metacarpophalangeal Joint===
 
===Metacarpophalangeal Joint===
 
'''Bones'''
 
'''Bones'''
* Sagittal ridge of dorsal [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|metacarpus]] under [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]]
+
* Sagittal ridge of dorsal metacarpus under CDE tendon
* Dorsoproximal margin of [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]]
+
* Dorsoproximal margin of proximal phalanx
 
* Proximal sesamoid bones
 
* Proximal sesamoid bones
 +
  
 
'''Soft tissue'''
 
'''Soft tissue'''
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Common digital flexor tendon]]
+
* Common digital flexor tendon
* Dorsal pouch of the joint either side of the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]]
+
* Dorsal pouch of the joint either side of the CDE tendon
 
* Lateral digital extensor
 
* Lateral digital extensor
 
* Neurovascular bundle on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoids
 
* Neurovascular bundle on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoids
 
* Collateral ligaments of proximal sesamoids
 
* Collateral ligaments of proximal sesamoids
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Suspensory ligament]]
+
* Suspensory ligament  
 
* Palmar annular ligament
 
* Palmar annular ligament
 
* Palmar pouch of joint
 
* Palmar pouch of joint
* Proximal pouch of digital sheath between the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|suspensory ligament]] and digital flexor tendon
+
* Proximal pouch of digital sheath between the suspensory ligament and digital flexor tendon
 +
 
  
 
===Pastern===
 
===Pastern===
 
'''Bones'''
 
'''Bones'''
* Epicondyles of distal [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] and palmar processes of proximal [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]] show the site of the joint
+
* Epicondyles of distal proximal phalanx and palmar processes of proximal middle phalanx show the site of the joint
 +
 
  
 
'''Soft tissue'''
 
'''Soft tissue'''
* Dorsal pouch of [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Distal Interphalangeal (Coffin) Joint|distal interphalangeal joint]]
+
* Dorsal pouch of distal interphalangeal joint
 
* Collateral cartilage
 
* Collateral cartilage
* Extensor slips from [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Suspensory ligament]] attaching to the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]]
+
* Extensor slips from suspensory ligament attaching to the CDE tendon
* Widening of [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]]
+
* Widening of common digital extensor tendon
* Collateral ligaments of joint attaching to epicondyle of [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]]
+
* Collateral ligaments of joint attaching to epicondyle of middle phalanx
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|flexor tendons]]
+
* Flexor tendons
 
* Digital arteries
 
* Digital arteries
 +
  
 
===Foot===
 
===Foot===
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* Wall of hoof
 
* Wall of hoof
  
For further details see: [[Hoof - Horse Anatomy|equine hoof]]
 
  
 
==Hindlimb==
 
==Hindlimb==
 +
  
 
===Thigh and Hindquarters===
 
===Thigh and Hindquarters===
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* Third trochanter of the femur
 
* Third trochanter of the femur
 
* Medial troclear ridge of the femur
 
* Medial troclear ridge of the femur
 +
  
 
'''Soft tissue'''
 
'''Soft tissue'''
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* Gluteals
 
* Gluteals
 
* Tensor fascia latae
 
* Tensor fascia latae
 +
  
 
===Crus and Stifle===
 
===Crus and Stifle===
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* Tibial crest
 
* Tibial crest
 
* Patella
 
* Patella
 +
  
 
'''Joints'''
 
'''Joints'''
 
* Femeropatellar joint
 
* Femeropatellar joint
 
* Femerotibial joint
 
* Femerotibial joint
 +
  
 
'''Soft tissue'''
 
'''Soft tissue'''
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* Medial menisci
 
* Medial menisci
 
* Popliteal tendon
 
* Popliteal tendon
 +
  
 
===Hock===
 
===Hock===
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* Sustentaculum tali
 
* Sustentaculum tali
 
* Heads of the splint bones
 
* Heads of the splint bones
 +
  
 
'''Joints'''
 
'''Joints'''
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* Distal intertarsal joint
 
* Distal intertarsal joint
 
* Tarsometatarsal joint
 
* Tarsometatarsal joint
 +
  
 
'''Soft tissue'''
 
'''Soft tissue'''
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'''Bones'''
 
'''Bones'''
 
* Splint bones
 
* Splint bones
 +
  
 
'''Soft tissue'''
 
'''Soft tissue'''
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* Suspensory ligament
 
* Suspensory ligament
 
* Flexor tendons
 
* Flexor tendons
 +
  
 
===Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Foot===
 
===Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Foot===
 
* As for forelimb
 
* As for forelimb
<br>
 
{{Template:Learning
 
|dragster = [[Equine Skeletal Anatomy Dragster resource]]
 
}}
 
 
==Webinars==
 
<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/internal-medicine/webinars/feed</rss>
 
 
[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
 
[[Category:Horse Anatomy]]
 

Revision as of 22:26, 2 September 2008

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()Map MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM (Map)



Forelimb

The Shoulder

Bones

  • Cranial border of the scapula
  • Dorsal border of the scapular cartilage
  • Spine of the scapula
  • Caudal division of the greater tuberosity, humerus
  • Deltoid tuberosity, humerus
  • Greater tuberosity, humerus


Soft Tissue

  • Brachiocephalicus
  • Deltoid muscles
  • Triceps
  • Supraspinatus and infrapinatus

Antebrachium and Elbow

Bones

  • Olecranon
  • Lateral epicondyle, humerus
  • Lateral tuberosity, radius
  • Styloid process, radius


Joint

  • Identified between distal humeral epicondyle and lateral tuberosity of the radius. The collateral ligament runs between these two landmarks.


Soft tissue

  • Extensor carpi radialis
  • Common digital extensor
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris, the groove between these two muscles can be felt caudally
  • Tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis

Metacarpal region and Carpus

Bones

  • Medial styloid process of radius
  • Lateral styloid process of radius
  • Accessory carpal bone
  • Medial and lateral splint bones and their buttons


Joint

  • Radiocarpal joint
  • Carpal canal


Soft tissue

  • Extensor carpi radialis tendon
  • Common digital extensor tendon
  • Lateral digital extensor tendon
  • Flexor reticulum
  • Superficial and deep digital flexor tendon
  • Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon
  • Suspensory ligament
  • Blood vessels and nerves in mid-metacarpal region
  • Medial palmar artery

Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Bones

  • Sagittal ridge of dorsal metacarpus under CDE tendon
  • Dorsoproximal margin of proximal phalanx
  • Proximal sesamoid bones


Soft tissue

  • Common digital flexor tendon
  • Dorsal pouch of the joint either side of the CDE tendon
  • Lateral digital extensor
  • Neurovascular bundle on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoids
  • Collateral ligaments of proximal sesamoids
  • Suspensory ligament
  • Palmar annular ligament
  • Palmar pouch of joint
  • Proximal pouch of digital sheath between the suspensory ligament and digital flexor tendon


Pastern

Bones

  • Epicondyles of distal proximal phalanx and palmar processes of proximal middle phalanx show the site of the joint


Soft tissue

  • Dorsal pouch of distal interphalangeal joint
  • Collateral cartilage
  • Extensor slips from suspensory ligament attaching to the CDE tendon
  • Widening of common digital extensor tendon
  • Collateral ligaments of joint attaching to epicondyle of middle phalanx
  • Flexor tendons
  • Digital arteries


Foot

  • Coronary band and periople
  • Heel
  • Frog
  • Paracuneal sulcus
  • Sole
  • White line
  • Wall of hoof


Hindlimb

Thigh and Hindquarters

Bones

  • Tuber coxae
  • Greater trochanter of the femur
  • Third trochanter of the femur
  • Medial troclear ridge of the femur


Soft tissue

  • Semimembranosus
  • Semitendinosus
  • Biceps femoris
  • Quadriceps
  • Gluteals
  • Tensor fascia latae


Crus and Stifle

Bones

  • Lateral condyle of tibia
  • Lateral malleolus of tibia
  • Tibial crest
  • Patella


Joints

  • Femeropatellar joint
  • Femerotibial joint


Soft tissue

  • Cranial tibial
  • Long and lateral digital extensor muscles
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Deep digital flexor muscle
  • Patellar ligaments
  • Quadriceps
  • Combined tendon of fibularis tertius and long digital extensor
  • Lateral and medial collateral ligaments
  • Medial menisci
  • Popliteal tendon


Hock

Bones

  • Lateral and medial malleolus of the tibia
  • Trochlea of the talus
  • Sustentaculum tali
  • Heads of the splint bones


Joints

  • Tarsocrural joint
  • Proximal intertarsal joint
  • Distal intertarsal joint
  • Tarsometatarsal joint


Soft tissue

  • Cranial tibial
  • Peroneus tertius
  • Long digital extensor
  • Lateral digital extensor
  • Lateral collateral ligaments
  • Saphenous vein
  • Medial collateral ligaments of tarsocrural joint
  • Cunean tendon
  • Achilles tendon - SDFT, gastrocnemius, deep tarsal ligaments
  • Calcaneal bursa
  • Plantar ligament of calcaneus

Metatarsal Region

Bones

  • Splint bones


Soft tissue

  • Long digital extensor tendon
  • Lateral digital extensor tendon
  • Lateral and medial palmar artery
  • Suspensory ligament
  • Flexor tendons


Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Foot

  • As for forelimb