Difference between revisions of "Species Differences in Laryngeal Structure"

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For information about general laryngeal structure see <big>'''[[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology]]'''</big>.
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|maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology
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===Equine===
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*Fusion of the two plates of the thyroid cartilage is incomplete forming a rostral pointing notch which is a good site for surgical entry into the larynx
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*Thyroarytenoid muscle is divided into 2 parts- rostral and caudal vocalis which are situated within the vocal folds and vestibular folds
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*Cuneiform processes attached to [[Epiglottis|epiglottis]]
  
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===Equine===
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*Prominance (surgical landmark) rostral to opening in thyroid cartilage
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Fusion of the two plates of the thyroid cartilage is incomplete forming a rostral pointing notch which is a good site for surgical entry into the larynx. The '''thyroarytenoid muscle''' is divided into 2 parts; the '''rostral''' and '''caudal vocalis''', which are situated within the vocal folds and vestibular folds. The '''cuneiform processes''' are attached to the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Epiglottis|epiglottis]].
 
  
 
===Canine===
 
===Canine===
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The '''thyroarytenoid muscle''' is divided into 2 parts; the '''rostral''' and '''caudal vocalis''', which are situated within the vocal folds and vestibular folds. There are laryngeal ventricles present.
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*Thyroarytenoid muscle is divided into 2 parts- rostral and caudal vocalis which are situated within the vocal folds and vestibular folds
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*Laryngeal ventricles present
  
 
===Feline===
 
===Feline===
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Feline species have thick vocal folds. Purring occurs due to vibration of the vocal folds (and of the diaphragm) by rapid twitching of the laryngeal muscles. They have very sensitive mucosa, making intubation tricky.
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*Thick vocal folds
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*Purring due to vibration of vocal folds (and of the diaphragm) by rapid twitching of laryngeal muscles
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*Very sensitive mucosa making intubation tricky
  
 
===Ruminants===
 
===Ruminants===
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The '''thyroid cartilage''' in ruminants is completely ventral. A small median ventricle is present in sheep and goats. There is a narrow glottic cleft, making intubation difficult. The larynx is close to the median '''retropharyngeal lymph node''', so enlargement of the lymph nodes may compress the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] as well as the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]].
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*Thyroid cartilage completely ventral
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*Small median ventricle is present in sheep and goats
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*Narrow glottic cleft making intubation difficult
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*Close to the median retropharyngeal lymph node so enlargement of the lymph nodes may compress the larynx as well as the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]]
  
 
===Porcine===
 
===Porcine===
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A small laryngeal ventricle is present and there are double corniculate process in the '''arytenoid cartilages'''. Stimulation of laryngeal mucosa can result in violent laryngeal spasms.
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*Small laryngeal ventricle present
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*Double corniculate process in arytenoid cartilages
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*Stimulation of laryngeal mucosa can results in violent laryngeal spasm
  
 
===Avian===
 
===Avian===
  
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There are no vocal folds in avian species. Sound in the bird is produced in the [[Syrinx - Anatomy & Physiology|syrinx]]. The larynx is on the [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid apparatus]]. There are paired arytenoids, one constrictor and one dilator muscle only. There is no [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Epiglottis|epiglottis]].
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*No vocal folds
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*Sound in the bird is produced in the [[Syrinx - Anatomy & Physiology|syrinx]]  
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*Larynx on [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid apparatus]]
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*Paired arytenoids, one constrictor and one dilator muscle only
  
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*No [[Epiglottis|epiglottis]]
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[[Category:Respiratory System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
 
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[[Category:A&P Done]]
 

Revision as of 15:24, 3 September 2008

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Equine

  • Fusion of the two plates of the thyroid cartilage is incomplete forming a rostral pointing notch which is a good site for surgical entry into the larynx
  • Thyroarytenoid muscle is divided into 2 parts- rostral and caudal vocalis which are situated within the vocal folds and vestibular folds
  • Prominance (surgical landmark) rostral to opening in thyroid cartilage

Canine

  • Thyroarytenoid muscle is divided into 2 parts- rostral and caudal vocalis which are situated within the vocal folds and vestibular folds
  • Laryngeal ventricles present

Feline

  • Thick vocal folds
  • Purring due to vibration of vocal folds (and of the diaphragm) by rapid twitching of laryngeal muscles
  • Very sensitive mucosa making intubation tricky

Ruminants

  • Thyroid cartilage completely ventral
  • Small median ventricle is present in sheep and goats
  • Narrow glottic cleft making intubation difficult
  • Close to the median retropharyngeal lymph node so enlargement of the lymph nodes may compress the larynx as well as the pharynx

Porcine

  • Small laryngeal ventricle present
  • Double corniculate process in arytenoid cartilages
  • Stimulation of laryngeal mucosa can results in violent laryngeal spasm

Avian

  • No vocal folds
  • Sound in the bird is produced in the syrinx
  • Paired arytenoids, one constrictor and one dilator muscle only
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